Acids
Organic and inorganic acids suitable for a wide variety of laboratory applications. Products are available in solid and liquid forms and in various pH values, quantities, reagent grades, and purities.
Acids are defined as substances that have a sour taste, a low pH (<7), and cause litmus paper to turn red. They also react with bases (yielding water and ionic compounds called salts) and produce hydrogen gas when used to dissolve metals such as zinc and iron.
Chemically, an acid is a molecule or ion that acts as a proton or hydrogen ion donor (Brønsted-Lowry acid) in a non-aqueous solution. In water, acids form hydronium ions (H3O+).
An acid is alternatively defined as a molecule or ion that accepts an electron pair (Lewis acid). One example is trifluoroborane, which has a boron atom capable of accepting an electron pair from ammonia (NH3) to form NH3-BF3.
Common inorganic acids include hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, and phosphoric acids. Common organic acids include acetic, benzoic, citric, and lactic acids.
In the laboratory, acids are used as reagents or catalysts in many types of chemical reactions.
Strong acids, such as sulfuric and hydrochloric acid, are highly corrosive and have extensive commercial applications.
- Sulfuric acid is used to process petroleum and minerals and to make other chemicals like nitric acid
- Hydrochloric acid is used to pickle steel and other metals
- Some acids are used as neutralizers to produce salts; for example, ammonium nitrate is produced by the reaction of nitric acid with ammonia
- Many acids are also used in the food and beverage industry
Do you need bulk and custom chemical solutions? Ask our Fisher Scientific Chemical Specialists.
Valeric acid, 99%
CAS: 109-52-4 Molecular Formula: C5H10O2 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 102.133 MDL Number: MFCD00004413 InChI Key: NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: valeric acid,n-valeric acid,n-pentanoic acid,valerianic acid,1-butanecarboxylic acid,propylacetic acid,butanecarboxylic acid,pentoic acid,kyselina valerova,valeric acid, n PubChem CID: 7991 ChEBI: CHEBI:17418 IUPAC Name: pentanoic acid SMILES: CCCCC(=O)O
Lactic acid, ACS, 85.0-90.0% aq. soln.
CAS: 50-21-5 Molecular Formula: C3H6O3 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 90.08 MDL Number: MFCD00004520 InChI Key: JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYNA-N Synonym: lactic acid,dl-lactic acid,2-hydroxypropionic acid,milk acid,lactate,polylactic acid,ethylidenelactic acid,lactovagan,tonsillosan,acidum lacticum PubChem CID: 612 ChEBI: CHEBI:78320 IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxypropanoic acid SMILES: CC(O)C(O)=O
Perchloric acid, for analysis, ca. 70% solution in water
CAS: 7601-90-3 Molecular Formula: ClHO4 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 100.45 MDL Number: MFCD00011325 InChI Key: VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: unii-v561v90bg2,perchloric acid,perchloric acid acid by mass forbidden,perchloric acid, acs reagent,perchlorsaeure,perchloric acid,ueberchlorsaeure,hyperchloric acid,hclo4 PubChem CID: 24247 ChEBI: CHEBI:29221 IUPAC Name: perchloric acid SMILES: O[Cl](=O)(=O)=O
Acetic acid, 25%, solution in water
CAS: 64-19-7 Molecular Formula: C2H4O2 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 60.05 MDL Number: MFCD00036152 InChI Key: QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: ethanoic acid,ethylic acid,acetic acid, glacial,methanecarboxylic acid,vinegar acid,glacial,acetasol,acide acetique,essigsaeure PubChem CID: 176 ChEBI: CHEBI:15366 IUPAC Name: acetic acid SMILES: CC(O)=O
Hydrochloric Acid, 10% (w/v), Ricca Chemical
CAS: 7732-18-5 Molecular Formula: ClH Molecular Weight (g/mol): 36.46 MDL Number: MFCD00011324 MFCD00792839 InChI Key: VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: hydrochloric acid,hydrogen chloride,muriatic acid,chlorohydric acid,acide chlorhydrique,chlorwasserstoff,spirits of salt,hydrogen chloride hcl,anhydrous hydrochloric acid,chloorwaterstof PubChem CID: 313 ChEBI: CHEBI:17883 IUPAC Name: hydrogen chloride SMILES: Cl
Phosphoric Acid, ACS Grade, ≥ 85.0% (w/w), LabChem™
CAS: 7664-38-2 Molecular Formula: H3O4P Molecular Weight (g/mol): 97.994 InChI Key: NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: orthophosphoric acid,sonac,o-phosphoric acid,phosphorsaeure,acidum phosphoricum,evits,wc-reiniger,acide phosphorique,white,acido fosforico PubChem CID: 1004 ChEBI: CHEBI:26078 IUPAC Name: phosphoric acid SMILES: OP(=O)(O)O
Thermo Scientific Chemicals Trifluoroacetic acid, biochemical grade, 99.5+%
CAS: 76-05-1 Molecular Formula: C2HF3O2 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 114.02 MDL Number: MFCD00004169 InChI Key: DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: trifluoroacetic acid,perfluoroacetic acid,trifluoroethanoic acid,trifluoroacetic acid,acetic acid, trifluoro,trifluoroaceticacid,cf3cooh,trifluoro acetic acid,trifluoro-acetic acid,kyselina trifluoroctova PubChem CID: 6422 ChEBI: CHEBI:45892 IUPAC Name: trifluoroacetic acid SMILES: OC(=O)C(F)(F)F
Sulfuric Acid, ACS Grade, 95.0 to 98.0% (w/w), LabChem™
CAS: 7664-93-9 Molecular Formula: H2O4S Molecular Weight (g/mol): 98.07 MDL Number: MFCD00064589 InChI Key: QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: oil of vitriol,sulphuric acid,dihydrogen sulfate,mattling acid,battery acid,dipping acid,acide sulfurique,electrolyte acid,acidum sulfuricum,vitriol brown oil PubChem CID: 1118 ChEBI: CHEBI:26836 IUPAC Name: sulfuric acid SMILES: OS(O)(=O)=O
Sulfuric Acid, Certified, 50% (v/v) ±1%, LabChem™
CAS: 7664-93-9 Molecular Formula: H2O4S Molecular Weight (g/mol): 98.07 MDL Number: MFCD00064589 InChI Key: QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: oil of vitriol,sulphuric acid,dihydrogen sulfate,mattling acid,battery acid,dipping acid,acide sulfurique,electrolyte acid,acidum sulfuricum,vitriol brown oil PubChem CID: 1118 ChEBI: CHEBI:26836 IUPAC Name: sulfuric acid SMILES: OS(O)(=O)=O
Humic acid, sodium salt, 45-70%, technical, (as humic acid)
CAS: 68131-04-4 Molecular Formula: C9H8Na2O4 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 226.139 MDL Number: MFCD00135560 InChI Key: HMGUIQPKFUZDPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L Synonym: humic acid sodium salt,sodium bicyclo 2.2.1 hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylate,sodium humate,disodium bicyclo 2.2.1 hept-5-en-2,3-dicarboxylate,disodium bicyclo 2.2.1 hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylate,bicyclo 2.2.1 hepta-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid disodium salt PubChem CID: 21908873 IUPAC Name: disodium;bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylate SMILES: C1C2C=CC1C(C2C(=O)[O-])C(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]
Phthalic acid, 99%
CAS: 88-99-3 Molecular Formula: C8H6O4 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 166.132 MDL Number: MFCD00002467 InChI Key: XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid,benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid,o-phthalic acid,o-dicarboxybenzene,o-benzenedicarboxylic acid,pathalic acid,acide phtalique,kyselina ftalova,ortho-phthalic acid,phthalicacid PubChem CID: 1017 ChEBI: CHEBI:29069 IUPAC Name: phthalic acid SMILES: C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)O)C(=O)O
Formic acid, ACS, 88+%
CAS: 64-18-6 Molecular Formula: CH2O2 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 46.025 MDL Number: MFCD00003297 InChI Key: BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: methanoic acid,formylic acid,aminic acid,bilorin,hydrogen carboxylic acid,formisoton,myrmicyl,formira,acide formique,collo-bueglatt PubChem CID: 284 ChEBI: CHEBI:30751 IUPAC Name: formic acid SMILES: C(=O)O
Chromic Acid, 10% (w/v), Ricca Chemical
CAS: 7732-18-5 Molecular Formula: CrO3 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 99.99 MDL Number: MFCD00010952 InChI Key: WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: chromium trioxide,chromium vi oxide,monochromium trioxide,chromtrioxid,chromic trioxide,chromsaeureanhydrid,anhydride chromique,chromium 6+ oxide,chromium vi trioxide,chromium oxide PubChem CID: 14915 ChEBI: CHEBI:48240 IUPAC Name: trioxochromium SMILES: O=[Cr](=O)=O
Polyphosphoric acid, pure, ca. 84% phosphate (as P2O5)
CAS: 8017-16-1 Molecular Formula: (HO3P)n MDL Number: MFCD00084480 InChI Key: NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N IUPAC Name: Polyphosphoric acid SMILES: [H]OP(O)(O)=O
Hydrochloric acid, for biochemistry, approx. 37% solution in water
CAS: 7647-01-0 Molecular Formula: ClH Molecular Weight (g/mol): 36.46 MDL Number: MFCD00011324 MFCD00792839 InChI Key: VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N IUPAC Name: hydrogen chloride SMILES: Cl