Acids
Organic and inorganic acids suitable for a wide variety of laboratory applications. Products are available in solid and liquid forms and in various pH values, quantities, reagent grades, and purities.
Acids are defined as substances that have a sour taste, a low pH (<7), and cause litmus paper to turn red. They also react with bases (yielding water and ionic compounds called salts) and produce hydrogen gas when used to dissolve metals such as zinc and iron.
Chemically, an acid is a molecule or ion that acts as a proton or hydrogen ion donor (Brønsted-Lowry acid) in a non-aqueous solution. In water, acids form hydronium ions (H3O+).
An acid is alternatively defined as a molecule or ion that accepts an electron pair (Lewis acid). One example is trifluoroborane, which has a boron atom capable of accepting an electron pair from ammonia (NH3) to form NH3-BF3.
Common inorganic acids include hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, and phosphoric acids. Common organic acids include acetic, benzoic, citric, and lactic acids.
In the laboratory, acids are used as reagents or catalysts in many types of chemical reactions.
Strong acids, such as sulfuric and hydrochloric acid, are highly corrosive and have extensive commercial applications.
- Sulfuric acid is used to process petroleum and minerals and to make other chemicals like nitric acid
- Hydrochloric acid is used to pickle steel and other metals
- Some acids are used as neutralizers to produce salts; for example, ammonium nitrate is produced by the reaction of nitric acid with ammonia
- Many acids are also used in the food and beverage industry
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D-Lactic acid
CAS: 10326-41-7 Molecular Formula: C3H6O3 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 90.078 MDL Number: MFCD00068313 InChI Key: JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N Synonym: d-lactic acid,r-2-hydroxypropanoic acid,r-lactic acid,--lactic acid,2r-2-hydroxypropanoic acid,d-lactate,r---lactic acid,r-lactate,propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 2r,d-milchsaeure PubChem CID: 61503 ChEBI: CHEBI:42111 IUPAC Name: (2R)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid SMILES: CC(C(=O)O)O
Acetic acid, ammonium salt, 98+%, for HPLC
CAS: 631-61-8 Molecular Formula: C2H7NO2 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 77.083 InChI Key: USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: ammonium acetate,acetic acid, ammonium salt,azanium acetate,ammoniumacetate,acetic acid ammonium salt,ammonium ethanoate,unii-rre756s6q2,aconh4,ch3coonh4,ch3co2nh4 PubChem CID: 517165 ChEBI: CHEBI:62947 IUPAC Name: azanium;acetate SMILES: CC(=O)[O-].[NH4+]
Sulfuric acid, for analysis, 25% solution in water
CAS: 7664-93-9 Molecular Formula: H2O4S Molecular Weight (g/mol): 98.07 MDL Number: MFCD00064589 InChI Key: QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: oil of vitriol,sulphuric acid,dihydrogen sulfate,mattling acid,battery acid,dipping acid,acide sulfurique,electrolyte acid,acidum sulfuricum,vitriol brown oil PubChem CID: 1118 ChEBI: CHEBI:26836 IUPAC Name: sulfuric acid SMILES: OS(O)(=O)=O
Hydrochloric acid, for analysis, fuming, 37% solution in water
CAS: 7647-01-0 Molecular Formula: ClH Molecular Weight (g/mol): 36.46 MDL Number: MFCD00011324 MFCD00792839 InChI Key: VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: hydrochloric acid,hydrogen chloride,muriatic acid,chlorohydric acid,acide chlorhydrique,chlorwasserstoff,spirits of salt,hydrogen chloride hcl,anhydrous hydrochloric acid,chloorwaterstof PubChem CID: 313 ChEBI: CHEBI:17883 SMILES: Cl
Polyphosphoric acid, pure, ca. 84% phosphate (as P2O5)
CAS: 8017-16-1 Molecular Formula: (HO3P)n MDL Number: MFCD00084480 InChI Key: NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N IUPAC Name: Polyphosphoric acid SMILES: [H]OP(O)(O)=O
Formic acid, 85%
CAS: 64-18-6 Molecular Formula: CH2O2 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 46.025 MDL Number: MFCD00003297 InChI Key: BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: methanoic acid,formylic acid,aminic acid,bilorin,hydrogen carboxylic acid,formisoton,myrmicyl,formira,acide formique,collo-bueglatt PubChem CID: 284 ChEBI: CHEBI:30751 IUPAC Name: formic acid SMILES: C(=O)O
Boric acid, 99.8%
CAS: 10043-35-3 Molecular Formula: BH3O3 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 61.83 MDL Number: MFCD00011337 InChI Key: KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: orthoboric acid,boracic acid,borofax,boron hydroxide,boron trihydroxide,three elephant,basilit b,trihydroxyborone,h3bo3,flea prufe PubChem CID: 7628 ChEBI: CHEBI:33118 IUPAC Name: boric acid SMILES: OB(O)O
Gallic acid monohydrate, ACS reagent
CAS: 5995-86-8 Molecular Formula: C7H5O5 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 169.11 MDL Number: MFCD00149098 InChI Key: LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-M Synonym: gallic acid monohydrate,3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid hydrate,galop hydrate,3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid monohydrate,gallicum acidum,benzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-, hydrate,gallic acid, monohydrate,gallicacidmonohydrate,gallic acid, acs,acmc-1ary0 PubChem CID: 24721416 SMILES: OC1=CC(=CC(O)=C1O)C([O-])=O
p-Toluenesulfonic Acid Monohydrate 98.0+%, TCI America™
CAS: 6192-52-5 Molecular Formula: C7H10O4S Molecular Weight (g/mol): 190.213 MDL Number: MFCD00064387 InChI Key: KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate,4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid hydrate,4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid monohydrate,p-toluene sulfonic acid monohydrate,unii-3bto78gaff,benzenesulfonic acid, 4-methyl-, monohydrate,ptoluenesulfonic acid,p-toluenesulfonic acid, monohydrate,3bto78gaff,4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonic acid hydrate PubChem CID: 521998 IUPAC Name: 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid;hydrate SMILES: CC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O.O
Tartronic acid, 97%
CAS: 80-69-3 Molecular Formula: C3H4O5 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 120.06 MDL Number: MFCD00004237 InChI Key: ROBFUDYVXSDBQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: tartronic acid,hydroxymalonic acid,2-hydroxymalonic acid,propanedioic acid, hydroxy,tartronicacid,2-tartronic acid,hydroxypropanedioic acid,2-hydroxymalonate,malonic acid, hydroxy,hydroxymalonate PubChem CID: 45 ChEBI: CHEBI:16513 IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxypropanedioic acid SMILES: C(C(=O)O)(C(=O)O)O
Trichloroacetic Acid, 20% (w/v), Ricca Chemical
CAS: 7732-18-5 Molecular Formula: C2HCl3O2 Molecular Weight (g/mol): Mixture InChI Key: YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: trichloroacetic acid,trichloroethanoic acid,aceto-caustin,trichloroacetic acid,acetic acid, trichloro,trichloressigsaeure,konesta,acide trichloracetique,acido tricloroacetico,amchem grass killer PubChem CID: 6421 ChEBI: CHEBI:30956 IUPAC Name: 2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid SMILES: C(=O)(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)O
Reserpine, 99%, Thermo Scientific Chemicals
CAS: 50-55-5 Molecular Formula: C33H40N2O9 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 608.688 MDL Number: MFCD00005091 InChI Key: QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N Synonym: reserpine,serpalan,serpasil,serpivite,apoplon,deserpine,elserpine,hiserpia,hypersil,raunervil PubChem CID: 5770 ChEBI: CHEBI:28487 IUPAC Name: methyl (1R,15S,17R,18R,19S,20S)-6,18-dimethoxy-17-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy-1,3,11,12,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21-dodecahydroyohimban-19-carboxylate SMILES: COC1C(CC2CN3CCC4=C(C3CC2C1C(=O)OC)NC5=C4C=CC(=C5)OC)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)OC)OC)OC
(±)-Mandelic Acid, 99%
CAS: 90-64-2 Molecular Formula: C8H8O3 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 152.149 MDL Number: MFCD00064250 InChI Key: IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: mandelic acid,dl-mandelic acid,phenylglycolic acid,amygdalic acid,almond acid,uromaline,p-mandelic acid,racemic mandelic acid,paramandelic acid,rs-mandelic acid PubChem CID: 1292 ChEBI: CHEBI:35825 IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C(=O)O)O
Gallic acid monohydrate
CAS: 5995-86-8 Molecular Formula: C7H5O5 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 169.11 MDL Number: MFCD00149098 InChI Key: LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-M Synonym: gallic acid monohydrate,3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid hydrate,galop hydrate,3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid monohydrate,gallicum acidum,benzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-, hydrate,gallic acid, monohydrate,gallicacidmonohydrate,gallic acid, acs,acmc-1ary0 PubChem CID: 24721416 IUPAC Name: 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid;hydrate SMILES: OC1=CC(=CC(O)=C1O)C([O-])=O
Acetic acid, 50%, solution in water
CAS: 64-19-7 Molecular Formula: C2H4O2 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 60.05 MDL Number: MFCD00036152 InChI Key: QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: ethanoic acid,ethylic acid,acetic acid, glacial,methanecarboxylic acid,vinegar acid,glacial,acetasol,acide acetique,essigsaeure PubChem CID: 176 ChEBI: CHEBI:15366 IUPAC Name: acetic acid SMILES: CC(O)=O