NCH 51 is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor targeting the removal of acetyl groups from -N-acetylated lysine residues in histone proteins thus modulating gene transcription through chromatin remodeling Experimental data indicate that NCH 51 inhibits proliferation of multiple cancer cell lines including NCI-H460 MDA-MB-231 and HCT-116 with reported EC50 values ranging between 1 1 and 9 5 M Additionally NCH 51 induces apoptosis in lymphoid cell lines through increased caspase activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation In HIV-1 latency models NCH 51 enhances histone acetylation and recruits transcription factors to the HIV-1 promoter thereby activating latent viral gene expression