Use granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to induce the production of neutrophils and the stimulation of granulocyte colony formation from hematopoietic progenitor cells (Metcalf & Nicola. J Cell Physiol, 1983). This cytokine is involved in the mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow into the periphery through a variety of mechanisms. Examples include transiently reducing SDF-1 expression (Petit et al. Nat Immunol, 2002), activating metalloproteases that cleave VCAM-1 (Levesque et al. Blood, 2001), and releasing norepinephrine from the sympathetic nervous system (Katayama et al. Cell, 2006). Binding of G-CSF to its receptor also leads to activation of the JAK/STAT, MAPK, PI3K, and AKT signal transduction pathways. Human recombinant G-CSF from STEMCELL is animal component-free and comes lyophilized with ≥ 95% purity; EC50 ≤ 0.05 ng/mL; endotoxin levels verified ≤ 1.0 EU/μg protein. Alternative names: Colony-stimulating factor 3, CSF-3, MGI-1G, Pluripoietin.