Donkey Secondary Antibodies
Biotium Glypican-3 (GPC3) (Hepatocellular Carcinoma Marker) (rGPC3/863), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a glycosylphospatidyl inositol-anchored membrane protein, which may also be found in secreted form. Anti-GPC3 has been identified as a useful tumor marker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatoblastoma, melanoma, testicular germ cell tumors, and Wilm s tumor. In patients with HCC, GPC3 is overexpressed in neoplastic liver tissue and elevated in serum, but is undetectable in normal liver, benign liver, and the serum of healthy donors. GPC3 expression is also found to be higher in HCC liver tissue than in cirrhotic liver or liver with focal lesions such as dysplastic nodules and areas of hepatic adenoma (HA) with malignant transformation. In the context of testicular germ cell tumors, GPC3 expression is up regulated in certain histologic subtypes, specifically yolk sac tumors and choriocarcinoma. A high level of GPC3 expression is also found in some types of embryonal tumors, such as Wilm s tumor and hepatoblastoma, with a low or undete
Biotium CD257 / BAFF / TNFSF13B (C257/1638), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
BAFF/CD257 is a type II transmembrane protein, and a member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily. It is proteolytically cleaved to form a soluble protein. BAFF, like other TNF ligand family members, forms homo-trimers. The predicted molecular weight of a BAFF monomer is approximately 31 kDa. It is expressed on peripheral blood B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells and is upregulated by IFN-gamma and down-regulated by PMA/ionomycin treatment. BAFF stimulates B and T cell immunity and regulates humoral immunity by binding TACI and BCMA receptors; BAFF prevents apoptosis and promotes B cell survival by binding the BAFF-specific receptor (BAFFR/BR3).Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because
Biotium Cytokeratin 15 (Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Marker)(KRT15/2554), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Keratin 15 is a type I keratin which is expressed only in basal keratinocytes in stratified epithelia and does not appear to have a natural type II expression partner. Keratin 15 is down regulated in activated keratinocytes. Cytokeratin 15 is a specific marker of stem cells of the hair-follicle bulge and may be a useful marker for diagnosis between basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and trichoepithelioma. Trichoblastoma are benign neoplasms of follicular differentiation frequently found in nevus sebaceous. Many morphologic features are shared with nodular basal cell carcinoma, sometimes rendering a diagnosis difficult. Trichoblastoma and BCC show variable expression of Cytokeratin 15 and Cytokeratin 19, and absence of hair keratins. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for
Biotium Calponin-1 (Smooth Muscle Marker) (CNN1/1408R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Calponin is a calmodulin, F-actin and tropomyosin binding protein, which is thought to be involved in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. Calponin expression is restricted to smooth muscle cells and has been shown to be a marker of the differentiated (contractile) phenotype of developing smooth muscle. Multiple isoelectric variants of calponin have been identified, however only two molecular weight isoforms exist, a 34 kDa form and a 29 kDa form. Expression of the 29 kDa form, I-calponin, is primarily restricted to muscle of the urogenital tract, whereas the higher molecular weight variant has been demonstrated in vascular and visceral smooth muscle. In Western blotting, this MAb reacts with only the 34 kDa form of calponin in extracts of human aortic medial smooth muscle and is unreactive with fibroblast extracts of cultivated human foreskin.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer except
Biotium NKX2.2 (Neuroendocrine & Ewing s Sarcoma Marker) (NX2/1523), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Expression of NKX2.2 has been found in neuroendocrine tumors of the gut, making it a potential marker for the study of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. More recently, NKX2.2 protein was identified as a target of EWS-FLI-1, the fusion protein specific to Ewing sarcoma, and was shown to be differentially upregulated in Ewing sarcoma on the basis of array-based gene expression analysis. It acts as a valuable marker for Ewing sarcoma, with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 89%, and aids in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Desmoglein-3 (Squamous Cell Marker) (DSG3/1535), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 130 kDa, identified as Desmoglein-3 (DSG3). This MAb is highly specific to Desmoglein-3 and does not cross-react with other members of the Desmoglein-family. DSG3 is a calcium-binding transmembrane glycoprotein component of desmosomes in vertebrate epithelial cells. Research has shown that DSG3 has a very high sensitivity (>80%) and specificity (100%) in recognizing squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC). Therefore, DSG3 is considered a very important marker for lung SqCC and can be a useful ancillary marker to separate SqCC from other subtypes of lung cancer. Moreover, studies have shown that DSG3 expression in lung SqCC may indicate a poor prognosis.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue
Biotium Cytokeratin, pan (Epithelial Marker), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Twenty human keratins are resolved with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis into acidic (pI 6.0) subfamilies. This antibody cocktail recognizes acidic (Type I or LMW) and basic (Type II or HMW) cytokeratins, which 67 kDa (CK1); 64 kDa (CK3); 59 kDa (CK4); 58 kDa (CK5); 56 kDa (CK6); 52 kDa (CK8); 56.5 kDa (CK10); 50 kDa (CK14); 50 kDa (CK15); 48 kDa (CK16); 40 kDa (CK19). Many studies have shown the usefulness of keratins as markers in cancer research and tumor diagnosis. It is a broad spectrum anti pan-cytokeratin antibody, which differentiates epithelial tumors from non-epithelial tumors e.g. squamous vs. adenocarcinoma of the lung, liver carcinoma, breast cancer, and esophageal cancer. It may be useful to characterize the source of various neoplasms and to study the distribution of cytokeratin containing cells in epithelia during normal development and during the development of epithelial neoplasms. This antibody stains cytokeratins present in normal and abnormal human tis
Biotium CD20 / MS4A1 (B-Cell Marker) (rIGEL/773), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 30-33 kDa, which is identified as CD20. It is a non-Ig differentiation antigen of B-cells and its expression is restricted to normal and neoplastic B-cells, being absent from all other leukocytes and tissues. CD20 is expressed by pre B-cells and persists during all stages of B-cell maturation but is lost upon terminal differentiation into plasma cells. This MAb can be used for immunophenotyping of leukemia and malignant cells, B lymphocyte detection in peripheral blood and B cell localization in tissues. It reacts with the majority of B-cells present in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues and their derived lymphomas. In lymphoid tissue, germinal center blasts and B-immunoblasts are particularly reactive. It is a reliable antibody for ascribing a B-cell phenotype in known lymphoid tissues. Rarely, CD20-positive T-cell lymphomas have been reported. Reactivity has also been noted with Reed-Sternberg cells in cases of Hodgkin's disease, par
Biotium Cytokeratin 10 (Suprabasal Epithelial Marker)(KRT10/1948R), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a protein of 56. 5 kDa, identified as cytokeratin 10 (CK10). CK10 is expressed in all suprabasal layers of the epidermis. In the epidermis, expression of CK10 strictly parallels the extent of differentiation; it is absent in the basal layer, appears in the first suprabasal layers and increases in concentration towards the granular layer. However, CK10 is rarely detected in early stages of vulvar squamous carcinomas (tumors less than 2 cm, clinical stage I) regardless of the tumor grade. In larger and more advanced tumors (greater than 2 cm, clinical stages II and III), CK10 is detected very frequently. Expression of CK10 is related to maturation of malignant keratinocytes, being preferentially detected in more-differentiated parts. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF40
Biotium Cytokeratin 10 (KRT10) (Suprabasal Epithelial Marker) (KRT10/1990R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a protein of 56.5 kDa, identified as cytokeratin 10 (CK10). CK10 is expressed in all suprabasal layers of the epidermis. In the epidermis, expression of CK10 strictly parallels the extent of differentiation; it is absent in the basal layer, appears in the first suprabasal layers and increases in concentration towards the granular layer. However, CK10 is rarely detected in early stages of vulvar squamous carcinomas (tumors less than 2 cm, clinical stage I) regardless of the tumor grade. In larger and more advanced tumors (greater than 2 cm, clinical stages II and III), CK10 is detected very frequently. Expression of CK10 is related to maturation of malignant keratinocytes, being preferentially detected in more-differentiated parts.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M
Biotium E-Cadherin / CD324 (Intercellular Junction Marker) (CDH1/1525), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 120-80 kDa, identified as E-cadherin. Cadherins comprise a family of Ca2 -dependent adhesion molecules that function to mediate cell-cell binding critical to the maintenance of tissue structure and morphogenesis. The classical cadherins, E-, N- and P-cadherin, consist of large extracellular domains characterized by a series of five homologous NH2 terminal repeats. The relatively short intracellular domains interact with a variety of cytoplasmic proteins, such as β-catenin, to regulate cadherin function. E-cadherin plays an important role in epithelial cell adhesion. A decreased expression of E-cadherin is associated with metastatic potential and poor prognosis in breast cancer, prostate and esophageal cancer. In combination with p120 Catenin, it is useful for the differentiation between ductal (E-cadherin ) and lobular (E-cadherin -) breast carcinomas. It may also help in diagnosis of mesothelioma.Primary antibodies are available
Biotium LMO2 (B-Cell Marker)(rLMO2/1971), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The LMO2 protein has a central and crucial role in hematopoietic development and is highly conserved. It has a particular function in normal and lymphatic endothelial cells involving the regulation of angiogenesis and lymph-angiogenesis. Immunohistochemical studies have also demonstrated expression of LMO2 in both normal germinal center B-cells and germinal center-derived B-cell lymphomas, including follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The use of anti-LMO2 is valuable as a tool in the identification of lymphomas of B-cell origin. LMO2 is useful in differentiating follicular lymphoma (LMO2 ) from nodal marginal zone lymphoma (LM02-). It also is positive in Hodgkin's and Burkitt's lymphomas. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abun
Biotium C1QB / Complement C1q B-Chain(C1QB/2966), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Complement C1q B Chain (C1qb) is a subunit of C1q. C1q is composed of 6 polypeptide chains each of C1qa, C1qb, and C1qc. C1q is a component of the classical complement pathway, and thereby plays an important role in the immune response. Each C1q subunit contains an N-terminal collagen-like region and a C-terminal C1q globular domain. The presence of receptors for C1q on effector cells modulates its activity, which may be antibody-dependent or independent. Macrophages are the primary source of C1q, while anti-inflammatory drugs as well as cytokines differentially regulate expression of the mRNA as well as the protein. C1q deficiency is associated with lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets,
Biotium XRCC3(10F1/6), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The x-ray repair cross-complementing (XRCC) proteins are responsible for efficiently repairing and maintaining genetic stability following DNA base damage. These genes share sequence similarity with the yeast DNA repair protein Rad51. XRCC1 is a protein that facilitates the DNA base excision repair pathway by interacting with DNA ligase III and DNA polymerase to repair DNA single-strand breaks. XRCC2 and XRCC3 are both involved in maintaining chromosome stability during cell division. XRCC2 is required for efficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination between sister chromatids, and XRCC3 interacts directly with Rad51 to cooperate with Rad51 during recombinational repair. XRCC4 is an accessory factor of DNA Ligase IV that preferentially binds DNA with nicks or broken ends. XRCC4 binds to DNA Ligase IV and enhances its joining activity, and it is also involved in V(D)J recombination. Any defect in one of the known components of the DNA repair/V(D)J re
Biotium BARX1 (Prognostic Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma)(BARX1/2760), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
BarX1 is a member of the Bar subclass of homeobox transcription factors. Studies of the Mouse and chick homolog suggest the encoded protein may play a role in developing teeth and craniofacial mesenchyme of neural crest origin. The protein may also be associated with differentiation of stomach epithelia. Down-regulation of Barx1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) migration, invasion and metastasis, whereas up-regulation of Barx1 inhibits HCC migration, invasion and metastasis. The loss of Barx1 expression represents a prognostic biomarker in human HCC. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.