Donkey Secondary Antibodies
Biotium NSE gamma (Neuron Specific Enolase, gamma) (Neuroendocrine Marker) (ENO2/1375), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of about 50 kDa, which is identified as gamma-enolase. Three isoenzymes of enolases are identified, alpha, beta and gamma. Alpha-isoform is expressed in most tissues, whereas beta-form is expressed predominantly in muscle tissue whereas gamma-enolase is found only in nervous tissue. These isoforms exist as both homodimers and heterodimers, and they play a role in converting phosphoglyceric acid to phosphenolpyruvic acid in the glycolytic pathway. NSE-gamma is a useful marker to identify peripheral nerves and tumors of neuro-endocrine origins, such as pheochromocytomas. It it be usually employed in combination with other markers such as Synaptophysin, Chromogranin A, and Neurofilament.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecti
Biotium Aurora B (Proliferation Marker) (AURKB/1521), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 39 kDa, which is identified as Aurora kinase B (or Aurora B). Aurora B is a serine/threonine protein kinase and component of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), a complex that acts as a key regulator of mitosis. It is important for accurate chromosome segregation, cytokinesis, protein localization to the centromere and kinetochore, correct microtubule-kinetochore attachment, and regulation of the mitotic checkpoint. Aurora B forms a tight complex with inner centrosome protein and survivin. Inactivation of any of these proteins causes similar defects in chromosome segregation. A significant overexpression of Aurora B has been found in a variety of human tumors including non-small cell lung carcinoma, astrocytoma, seminoma and carcinomas of the colon, prostate, endometrium and thyroid. The expression level of Aurora B is associated with cell proliferation and prognosis in these tumors.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with
Biotium Thrombomodulin / CD141 (Endothelial Cell Marker) (THBD/1591), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 75 kDa, identified as Thrombomodulin. Thrombomodulin is a transmembrane glycoprotein with natural anticoagulant properties. It is normally expressed by a restricted number of cells, such as endothelial and mesothelial cells. In addition, synovial lining and syncytio-trophoblasts of placenta also express thrombomodulin. This protein is present in almost all of benign vascular tumors and majority of malignant vascular tumors (Kaposi's sarcoma, angiosarcoma, and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma). Hence, anti-thrombomodulin serves as a sensitive marker for lymphatic endothelial cells and their tumors. Recently, thrombomodulin antibody has been used for mesothelial cells and malignant mesotheliomas.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommende
Biotium BAP1 (BRCA1 Associated Protein 1)(BAP1/2667), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The BRCA 1 Associated Protein 1 (BAP1) protein belongs to the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase subfamily of de-ubiquitination enzymes that are involved in the removal of ubiquitin from proteins. The encoded enzyme binds to the breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) via the RING finger domain of the latter and acts as a tumor suppressor. In addition, the enzyme may be involved in regulation of transcription, regulation of cell cycle and growth, response to DNA damage and chromatin dynamics. Germ line mutations in this gene may be associated with tumor predisposition syndrome (TPDS), which involves increased risk of cancers including malignant mesothelioma, Uveal melanoma and cutaneous melanoma. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundan
Biotium Desmin (Muscle Cell Marker) (DES/2960R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Cytoskeletal intermediate filaments (IFs) constitute a diverse group of proteins that are expressed in a highly tissue-specific manner. IFs are constructed from two-chain alphalpha-helicalcoiled-coil molecules arranged on an imperfect helical lattice, and have been widely used as markers for distinguishing individual cell types within a tissue and identifying the origins of metastatic tumors. Vimentin is an IF general marker of cells originating in the mesenchyme. Vimentin and Desmin, a related class III IF, are both expressed during skeletal muscle development. Desmin, a 469 amino acid protein found near the Z line in sarcomeres, is expressed more frequently in adult differentiated state tissues. Anti-desmin detects cells of normal smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscles. The antibody reacts with leiomyomas, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyomas, rhabdomyosarcoma, and perivascular cells of glomus tumors of the skin.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescen
Biotium NKX2.2 (Neuroendocrine & Ewing s Sarcoma Marker) (NX2/1523), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Expression of NKX2.2 has been found in neuroendocrine tumors of the gut, making it a potential marker for the study of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. More recently, NKX2.2 protein was identified as a target of EWS-FLI-1, the fusion protein specific to Ewing sarcoma, and was shown to be differentially upregulated in Ewing sarcoma on the basis of array-based gene expression analysis. It acts as a valuable marker for Ewing sarcoma, with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 89%, and aids in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium TSH-Receptor, A-Chain (Thyroid Marker) (TSHRA/1401), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, also known as thyrotropin) is a glycoprotein involved in the control of thyroid structure and metabolism, which stimulates the release of the thyroid hormones. TSH is regulated by thyroid hormone (T3) and various retinoid compounds. TSH binds to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), which is cleaved into two subunits, A and B, and plays a major role in regulating thyroid function. The third cytoplasmic loop of TSHR has been identified as critical for its role in regulating inositol phosphate and cAMP formation. In Graves disease, an autoimmune disorder, TSHR is activated by autoantibodies, which may be stimulated by the cleavage of the A and B subunits.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targe
Biotium Histone H1 (Nuclear Marker) (r1415-1), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Eukaryotic histones are basic and water-soluble nuclear proteins that form hetero-octameric nucleosome particles by wrapping 146 base pairs of DNA in a left-handed supealpha-helicalturn sequentially to form chromosomal fiber. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form the octamer; formed of two H2A-H2B dimers and two H3-H4 dimers, forming two nearly symmetrical halves by tertiary structure. Over 80% of nucleosomes contain the linker Histone H1, derived from an intronless gene that interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and mediates compaction into higher order chromatin. Histones are subject to posttranslational modification by enzymes primarily on their N-terminal tails, but also in their globular domains. Such modifications include methylation, citrullination, acetylation, phosphorylation, sumoylation, ubiquitination and ADP-ribosylation.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other l
Biotium CELA3B / ELA3B (Pancreatic Function Marker) (CELA3B/2810R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a protein of ~30 kDa, identified as CELA3B (Chymotrypsin like elastase family member 3B). Elastases form a subfamily of serine proteases that hydrolyze many proteins in addition to elastin. Humans have six elastase genes which encode the structurally similar proteins elastase 1, 2, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B. Unlike other elastases, elastase 3B has little elastolytic activity. Like most of the human elastases, elastase 3B is secreted from the pancreas as a zymogen and, like other serine proteases such as trypsin, chymotrypsin and kallikrein; it has a digestive function in the intestine. Elastase 3B preferentially cleaves proteins after alanine residues. Elastase 3B may also function in the intestinal transport and metabolism of cholesterol. Both elastase 3A and elastase 3B have been referred to as protease E and as elastase 1, and excretion of this protein in fecal material is frequently used as a measure of pancreatic function.Primary antibodies are available purified
Biotium Chromogranin A / CHGA (Neuroendocrine Marker)(rCHGA/777), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. It is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other neuroendocrine tumors. Co-expression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Reportedly, co-expression of certain keratins and chromogranin indicates neuroendocrine lineage. The presence of strong anti-chromogranin staining and absence of anti-keratin staining should raise the possibility of paraganglioma. The co-expression of chromogranin and NSE is typical of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Most pituitary adenomas and prolactinomas readily express chromogranin. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes
Biotium BOB.1 (B-Cell Marker) (BOB1/2425), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
BOB-1 is a transcriptional coactivator that specifically associates with either POU2F1/OCT1 or POU2F2/OCT2, boosting the promoter activity of those complexes. It is essential for the response of B-cells to antigens, required for the formation of germinal centers, and regilates IL-6 expression. BOB-1 expression in a variety of established B-cell lines, representing different stages of B-cell development, has suggested a constitutive, B-cell-specific expression pattern. LP cells in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, because they are germinal center-derived, are consistently immuno-positive for BOB-1. Conversely, only some cases of classical Hodgkin lymphoma show BOB-1 immuno-reactivity within the Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. Expression of BOB-1 has been reported in follicular center cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and some cases of acute myeloid leukemia. B-CLL, marginal zone lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma may show weak to moderate immunoreactivit
Biotium C1QA / Complement C1q A-Chain(C1QA/2783), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Complement C1q A Chain (C1qa) is a subunit of C1q. C1q is composed of 6 polypeptide chains each of C1qa, C1qb, and C1qc. C1q is a component of the classical complement pathway, and thereby plays an important role in the immune response. Each C1q subunit contains an N-terminal collagen-like region and a C-terminal C1q globular domain. The presence of receptors for C1q on effector cells modulates its activity, which may be antibody-dependent or independent. Macrophages are the primary source of C1q, while anti-inflammatory drugs as well as cytokines differentially regulate expression of the mRNA as well as the protein. C1q deficiency is associated with lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets,
Biotium Aurora B (Proliferation Marker)(AURKB/3121R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 39 kDa, which is identified as Aurora kinase B (or Aurora B). Aurora B is a serine/threonine protein kinase and component of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), a complex that acts as a key regulator of mitosis. It is important for accurate chromosome segregation, cytokinesis, protein localization to the centromere and kinetochore, correct microtubule-kinetochore attachment, and regulation of the mitotic checkpoint. Aurora B forms a tight complex with inner centrosome protein and survivin. Inactivation of any of these proteins causes similar defects in chromosome segregation. A significant overexpression of Aurora B has been found in a variety of human tumors including non-small cell lung carcinoma, astrocytoma, seminoma and carcinomas of the colon, prostate, endometrium and thyroid. The expression level of Aurora B is associated with cell proliferation and prognosis in these tumors.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with
Biotium Estrogen Receptor, alpha (Marker of Estrogen Dependence)(ESR1/3557), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This monoclonal antibody is specific to estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) and shows minimal cross-reaction with other members of the family. ER is an important regulator of growth and differentiation in the mammary gland. Presence of ER in breast tumors indicates an increased likelihood of response to anti-estrogen (e. g. tamoxifen) therapy. It strongly stains nuclei of epithelial cells in breast carcinomas. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium GP2 (Glycoprotein 2) / ZAP75 (GP2/2569R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
GP2 (glycoprotein 2), also known as ZAP75, is a 537 amino acid secreted protein. It is an integral membrane protein that is secreted from intracellular zymogen granules and associates with the plasma membrane via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. GP2 is cleaved and then released into the pancreatic duct along with exocrine secretions. GP2 binds pathogens such as enterobacteria, thereby playing an important role in the innate immune response. The C-terminus of this protein is related to the C-terminus of the protein encoded by the neighboring gene, uromodulin (UMOD). GP2 is also expressed on the apical plasma membrane of specialized microfold (M) cells among enterocytes and serves as a transcytotic receptor for mucosal antigens. M cells are considered a promising target for oral vaccination against various infectious diseases.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and p