Donkey Secondary Antibodies
Biotium ATG5 (Autophagy Marker)(ATG5/2553), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Autophagy protein 5 (ATG5), in combination with autophagy protein 12, functions as an E1-like activating enzyme in a ubiquitin-like conjugating system. ATG5 is involved in several cellular processes, including autophagic vesicle formation, mitochondrial quality control after oxidative damage, negative regulation of the innate antiviral immune response, lymphocyte development and proliferation, MHC II antigen presentation, adipocyte differentiation, and apoptosis. The ATG5 protein is essential for autophagy; a process that is usually beneficial for cells to self-degrade their own components when they are no longer useful. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specifi
Biotium Aurora B (Proliferation Marker)(AURKB/1845), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 39 kDa, which is identified as Aurora kinase B (or Aurora B). Aurora B is a serine/threonine protein kinase and component of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC), a complex that acts as a key regulator of mitosis. It is important for accurate chromosome segregation, cytokinesis, protein localization to the centromere and kinetochore, correct microtubule-kinetochore attachment, and regulation of the mitotic checkpoint. Aurora B forms a tight complex with inner centrosome protein and survivin. Inactivation of any of these proteins causes similar defects in chromosome segregation. A significant overexpression of Aurora B has been found in a variety of human tumors including non-small cell lung carcinoma, astrocytoma, seminoma and carcinomas of the colon, prostate, endometrium and thyroid. The expression level of Aurora B is associated with cell proliferation and prognosis in these tumors. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with
Biotium TRAF1 (TNFR-Associated Factor 1) (Lymphomatoid Papulosis Marker)(TRAF1/2770), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a protein of 52 kDa, which is identified as TNFR1 (TNFR-associated factor 1). CD30-positive lymphoproliferations of the skin comprise 30% of all primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs). Besides borderline cases this group includes lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) and primary cutaneous anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (cALCL). Although the two entities overlap clinically, histopathologically, immunopathologically and genetically, they differ considerably in their prognosis. In particular, common feature of both cases is histologically the presence of atypical lymphoid CD30-positive T blasts and genetically a clonal T-cell-receptor rearrangement. However, both cases differ considerably in their clinical course: Lesions of LyP regress spontaneously, whereas those of cALCL persist and may progress and spread. Moreover, LyP patients do not benefit from an aggressive radio- and/or chemotherapeutic approach, in contrast to patients with cALCL. Besides, LyP and cAL
Biotium HLA-DP/-DQ/-DR (MHC II)(CR3/43), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Reacts with a common epitope of human major histocompatibility (MHC) class II antigens, HLA-DP, -DQ and -DR. Human MHC class II antigens are transmembrane glycoproteins composed of an chain (36 kDa) and a chain (27 kDa). They are expressed primarily on antigen presenting cells such as B lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and thymic epithelial cells and are also present on activated T lymphocytes. Human MHC class II genes are located in the HLA-D region that encodes at least six and ten chain genes. Three loci, DR, DQ and DP, encode the major expressed products of the human class II region. The human MHC class II molecules bind intracellularly processed peptides and present them to T-helper cells. They, therefore, have a critical role in the initiation of the immune response. It has been shown that some autoimmune diseases are associated with certain class II alleles.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels.
Biotium CD50 / ICAM3(ICAM3/2873R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes the D1 domain of an N-glycosylated glycoprotein of 120 kDa with intra-chain disulfide bonds, identified as CD50 or ICAM-3 (Leucocyte Workshop VI). CD50 is the major ligand for LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) and may have signaling role to increase adhesion. It is expressed on thymocytes and T lymphocytes and is resistant to treatment with phosphatidylinositol (PI) phospholipase C. This MAb is excellent for staining of formalin/paraffin tissues. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Phosphotyrosine (P-Tyr)(PY2870R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Protein phosphorylation is a fundamental event in the regulation of a large number of intracellular processes. Phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues is the result of activation or stimulation of their respective protein tyrosine kinases. The phosphorylated proteins can be auto-phosphorylated kinases or certain cellular protein substrates. Tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins are involved in signal transduction and in the regulation of cell proliferation. Antibody to phosphotyrosine provides an excellent tool for the detection, characterization, and purification of phosphotyrosine containing proteins. This MAb shows no cross-reaction with other phosphoamino acids and is superb for multiple applications including staining of formalin/paraffin tissues. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF
Biotium Spectrin beta I (SPTB)(RG/26), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Spectrin is a cytoskeletal protein that lines the intracellular side of the plasma membrane of many cell types in pentagonal or hexagonal arrangements, forming a scaffolding and playing an important role in maintenance of plasma membrane integrity and cytoskeletal structure. In certain types of brain injury such as diffuse axonal injury, spectrin is irreversibly cleaved by the proteolytic enzyme calpain, destroying the cytosketelon. Spectrin cleavage causes the membrane to form blebs and ultimately to be degraded, usually leading to cell death. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Estrogen Receptor, alpha (Marker of Estrogen Dependence)(ESR1/3556), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This monoclonal antibody is specific to estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) and shows minimal cross-reaction with other members of the family. ER is an important regulator of growth and differentiation in the mammary gland. Presence of ER in breast tumors indicates an increased likelihood of response to anti-estrogen (e. g. tamoxifen) therapy. It strongly stains nuclei of epithelial cells in breast carcinomas. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium SOX2 (Embryonic Stem Cell Marker)(SOX2/3811R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
SOX2 is required for stem cell maintenance in the central nervous system, and it also regulates gene expression in the stomach. SOX2 is necessary for regulating multiple transcription factors that affect Oct 3/4 expression. An essential function of SOX2 is to stabilize embryonic stem cells in a pluripotent state by maintaining the requisite level of Oct 3/4 expression. Reportedly, SOX2 is associated with aggressive phenotypes of breast, head and neck, gastric, colorectal, bladder, and small cell lung cancers. However, SOX2 is expressed in a high percentage of lung squamous cell carcinomas and has been shown to be an independent favorable prognostic marker. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluoresc
Biotium Dystrophin (DMD) (Marker of Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy)(DMD/3242), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) connects the F-Actin cytoskeleton on the inner surface of muscle fibers to the surrounding extracellular matrix, through the cell membrane interface. A deficiency in this protein contributes to Duchenne (DMD) and Becker (BMD) muscular dystrophies. The human dystrophin gene measures 2. 4 megabases, has more than 80 exons, produces a 14 kb mRNA and contains at least 8 independent tissue-specific promoters and 2 poly A sites. The dystrophin mRNA can undergo differential splicing and produce a range of transcripts that encode a large set of proteins. Dystrophin represents approximately 0. 002% of total striated muscle protein and localizes to triadic junctions in skeletal muscle, where it is thought to influence calcium ion homeostasis and force transmission. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of bl
Biotium Lambda Light Chain (B-Cell Marker)(rLLC/1738), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can giv
Biotium Nucleophosmin (Acute Myeloid Leukemia Marker)(rNPM1/1901), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a 33 kDa glycoprotein, identified as Nucleophosmin (NPM). It is predominantly localized in the nucleus of cells in most tissues. NPM is involved in ribosomal assembly and rRNA transport. It is an abundant protein that is highly phosphorylated by Cdc2 kinase during mitosis. This phosphoprotein moves between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It is thought to be involved in several processes including regulation of the ARF/p53 pathway. A number of genes are fusion partners, in particular the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene on chromosome 2. Mutations in exon 12 affecting the C-terminus of the protein are associated with an aberrant cytoplasmic location. Mutations in this gene are associated with acute myeloid leukemia. The antibody may be a useful aid for classification of acute myeloid leukemia. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugat
Biotium GLUT-1 (Tumor Progression and Mesothelioma Marker)(rGLUT1/2476), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 55 kDa, which is identified as GLUT-1. Glucose transporters are integral membrane glycoproteins involved in transporting glucose into most cells. There are many types of glucose transport carrier proteins, designated as Glut-1 to Glut-12. Glut-1 is a major glucose transporter in the mammalian blood-brain barrier. It is expressed in high density on the membranes of human erythrocytes and the brain capillaries that comprise the blood-brain barrier. Glut-1 is expressed at variable levels in many human tissues. Overexpression of Glut-1 has been linked to tumor progression or poor survival of patients with carcinomas of the colon, breast, cervical, lung, bladder and mesothelioma. Glut-1 is a sensitive and specific marker for the differentiation of malignant mesothelioma (positive) from reactive mesothelium (negative). Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightnes
Biotium Prohibitin (Mitochondrial Marker)(PHB/3231), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 30 kDa which is identified as Prohibitin, an evolutionarily conserved protein with homologues found in yeast to man. It is located in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Although prohibitin mRNA and protein expression occurs throughout the cell cycle, maximum levels are detected during the G1/S phase transition and minimum levels are seen in S phase and the G2/mitosis boundary. Prohibitin is located exclusively in the mitochondria with the highest concentration on the inner membrane. Prohibitin is an ideal mitochondrial marker. It shows antiproliferative activity and has been proposed to play a role in normal cell cycle regulation, replicative senescence, cellular immortalization, and tumor suppression. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended fo
Biotium Spastin(Sp 3G11-1), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The AAA protein family members share an ATPase domain and have roles in various cellular processes including intracellular motility, membrane trafficking, proteolysis, protein folding and organelle biogenesis. Spastin, a member of the AAA protein family, is a 616 amino acid protein and is involved in the function or assembly of nuclear protein complexes. The Spastin protein is expressed ubiquitously and localizes to the nucleus and the cytoplasm, where it may also be involved in microtubule dynamics. Mutations in the Spastin gene (SPAST, SPG4) cause the most common form of spastic paraplegia 4, an autosomal dominant form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). HSPs comprise a group of inherited neurological disorders characterized by spastic lower extremity weakness due to a length-dependent, retrograde axonopathy of corticospinal motor neurons. SPAST-specific mutations account for approximately 40% of all autosomal dominant HSPs. Primary antibodies are available purified, or