Donkey Secondary Antibodies
Biotium SOX2 (Embryonic Stem Cell Marker)(SOX2/3169R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
SOX2 is required for stem cell maintenance in the central nervous system, and it also regulates gene expression in the stomach. SOX2 is necessary for regulating multiple transcription factors that affect Oct 3/4 expression. An essential function of SOX2 is to stabilize embryonic stem cells in a pluripotent state by maintaining the requisite level of Oct 3/4 expression. Reportedly, SOX2 is associated with aggressive phenotypes of breast, head and neck, gastric, colorectal, bladder, and small cell lung cancers. However, SOX2 is expressed in a high percentage of lung squamous cell carcinomas and has been shown to be an independent favorable prognostic marker. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluoresc
Biotium Cytokeratin 18 (KRT18)(rKRT18/1190), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb reacts with a wide variety of simple epithelia. It does not react with stratified squamous epithelia. It reacts with epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, lung, breast, pancreas, ovary, and thyroid. Cytokeratin 18, which belongs to the type A (acidic) subfamily of low molecular weight keratins, exists in combination with cytokeratin 8. It was reported that tissues from gastrointestinal tract are positive for both cytokeratin 8 and 18 but do not contain cytokeratin 14. Tissues from gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and urogenital tract, as well as endocrine and exocrine tissues and mesothelial cells are positive for cytokeratin 18. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluore
Biotium TAG-72 / CA72.4 (Tumor-Associated Glycoprotein)(rB72.3), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes an oncofetal antigen of 220 kDa, identified as a tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72) with properties of a mucin. This MAb defines the mucin-carried sialylated-Tn epitope. TAG-72 is usually expressed by adenocarcinomas, but is negative in mesotheliomas. Studies have reported that this antibody has 80% sensitivity and 93% specificity for pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Therefore, TAG-72 is a useful marker to distinguish between mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma. However, false positive reactions can occur so results must be interpreted with the utmost caution. This antibody may be useful in the differentiation of non-small cell carcinomas from small cell carcinomas of the lung. The combined use of anti-TAG-72 and anti-GCDFP-15 is valuable in the diagnosis of apocrine carcinoma. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluoresc
Biotium Cytokeratin 14 (KRT14) (Squamous Cell Marker)(KRT14/2375), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Cytokeratin 14 (CK14) belongs to the type I (or A or acidic) subfamily of low molecular weight keratins and exists in combination with keratin 5 (type II or B or basic). CK14 is found in basal cells of squamous epithelia, some glandular epithelia, myoepithelium, and mesothelial cells. Anti-CK14 is useful in differentiating squamous cell carcinomas from poorly differentiated epithelial tumors. Anti-CK14 is one of the specific basal markers for distinguishing between basal and non-basal subtypes of breast carcinomas. Anti-CK14 is also a good marker for differentiation of intraductal from invasive salivary duct carcinoma by the positive staining of basal cells surrounding the in-situ neoplasm as well as for differentiation of benign prostate from prostate carcinoma. Furthermore, this antibody has been useful in separating oncocytic tumors of the kidney from its renal mimics, and in identifying metaplastic carcinomas of the breast. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a
Biotium TCL1 (T-Cell Marker)(TCL1/2079), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
T-cell leukemia/Lymphoma Protein 1A (TCL-1A), also known as p14TCL1 is a product of the TCL1 gene that is involved in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (TPLL). T-PLL is a rare form of mature T-cell leukemia, which is consistently associated with chromosomal rearrangements characterized by the juxtaposition of the TCRA locus on chromosome 14q11 and the TCL1A gene on 14q32. 13. TCL1 is overexpressed in Burkitt lymphoma, the majority of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma-designated immunoblastic plasmacytoid lymphoma, lymphoblastic lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have
Biotium StAR (Steroidogenic Acute Regulator) (Leydig Cell Marker)(STAR/2077), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (STAR) controls the rate-limiting step of steroidegenesis by translocating cholesterol from the outer mitochondrial membrane to the inner membrane where it is later cleaved to pregnenolone. It is primarily present in steroid-producing cells, including Leydig cells in the testis, theca cells and luteal cells in the ovary and adrenal cells in the adrenal cortex. Due to low levels of pregnenolone, seminomas and Leydig cell tumors display no specific STAR staining. Therefore, STAR antibody may assist in differentiating sex cord stromal tumors (SCST), seminomas and embryonal carcinomas. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific back
Biotium HLA-Pan (MHC II)(rHLA-Pan/3475), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Reacts with a common epitope of human major histocompatibility (MHC) class II antigens, HLA-DP, -DQ and -DR. Human MHC class II antigens are transmembrane glycoproteins composed of an alpha chain (36 kDa) and a beta chain (27 kDa). They are expressed primarily on antigen presenting cells such as B lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and thymic epithelial cells and are also present on activated T lymphocytes. Human MHC class II genes are located in the HLA-D region that encodes at least six alpha and ten beta chain genes. Three loci, DR, DQ and DP, encode the major expressed products of the human class II region. The human MHC class II molecules bind intracellularly processed peptides and present them to T-helper cells. They, therefore, have a critical role in the initiation of the immune response. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates
Biotium AKT1 (Prognostic Marker for Neuroendocrine Tumors)(AKT1/2784), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 62 kDa, which is identified as AKT1. The serine/threonine kinase Akt family contains several members, including Akt1 (also designated PKB or RacPK), Akt2 (also designated PKBbeta or RacPK-beta) and Akt3 (also designated PKB-gamma or thymoma viral proto-oncogene 3), which exhibit sequence homology with the protein kinase A and C families and are encoded by the c-Akt proto-oncogene. All members of the Akt family have a Pleckstrin homology domain. Akt1 and Akt2 are activated by PDGF stimulation. This activation is dependent on PDGFR-beta tyrosine residues 740 and 751, which bind the subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) complex. Activation of Akt1 by insulin or insulin-growth factor-1 (IGF-1) results in phosphorylation of both Thr 308 and Ser 473. Akt proteins become phosphorylated and activated in insulin/IGF-1-stimulated cells by an upstream kinase(s), and the activation of Akt1 and Akt2 is inhibited by the PI kinase i
Biotium Cytokeratin, HMW(KRTH/1076), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes basic (Type II or HMW) cytokeratins, which include 67 kDa (CK1); 64 kDa (CK3); 59 kDa (CK4); 58 kDa (CK5); 56 kDa (CK6); 52 kDa (CK8). Twenty human keratins are resolved with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis into acidic (pI 6.0) subfamilies. The acidic keratins have molecular weights (MW) of 56.5, 55, 51, 50, 50 , 48, 46, 45, and 40 kDa. Many studies have shown the usefulness of keratins as markers in cancer research and tumor diagnosis.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Muscle Specific Actin(HHF35 + MSA/953), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes actin of skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells. It is not reactive with other mesenchymal cells except for myoepithelium. Actin can be resolved on the basis of its isoelectric points into three distinctive components: alpha, beta, and gamma in order of increasing isoelectric point. Anti-muscle specific actin recognizes alpha and gamma isotypes of all muscle groups. Non-muscle cells such as vascular endothelial cells and connective tissues are non-reactive. Also, neoplastic cells of non-muscle-derived tissue such as carcinomas, melanomas, and lymphomas are negative.It stains tumors of smooth muscle (leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas) as well as skeletal muscle (rhabdomyomas and rhabdomyosarcomas).Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detectin
Biotium CD47 / IAP (Integrin Associated Protein)(CD47/2937), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody reacts with Ig domain of CD47 protein. CD47, originally named integrin-associated protein (IAP), is a 50 kDa protein containing five membrane-spanning sequences and a short cytoplasmic tail. CD47 plays a role in both cell adhesion by acting as an adhesion receptor for THBS1 on platelets, and in the modulation of integrins. It is important in memory formation and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. CD47 may play a role in membrane transport and/or integrin dependent signal transduction. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium von Willebrand Factor / Factor VIII Related-Ag (Endothelial Marker) (VWF/1859R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is a multimeric glycoprotein that is found in endothelial cells, plasma and platelets. It acts as a carrier protein for Factor VIII and promotes platelet adhesion and aggregation. vWF undergoes a variety of posttranslational modifications that influence the affinity and availability for Factor VIII, including cleavage of the propeptide and formation of N-terminal disulfide bonds. This antibody helps to establish the endothelial nature of some lesions of disputed histogenesis, e.g. Kaposi's sarcoma and cardiac myxoma. It is widely used for differentiating vascular lesions from those of other tissue differentiation within a panel of other vascular markers although not all tumors of endothelial differentiation contain this antigen.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and C
Biotium Cytokeratin 19 (KRT19) (Pancreatic Stem Cell Marker) (KRT19/1959R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This Ab reacts with the rod domain of human cytokeratin 19 (CK19), a polypeptide of 40 kDa. CK19 is expressed in sweat gland, mammary gland ductal and secretory cells, bile ducts, gastrointestinal tract, bladder urothelium, oral epithelia, esophagus, and ectocervical epithelium. Anti-CK19 reacts with a wide variety of epithelial malignancies including adenocarcinomas of the colon, stomach, pancreas, biliary tract, liver, and breast. Perhaps the most useful application is the identification of thyroid carcinoma of the papillary type, although 50%-60% of follicular carcinomas are also labeled. Anti-CK19 is a useful marker for detection of tumor cells in lymph nodes, peripheral blood, bone marrow and breast cancer.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low
Biotium CD30 / TNFRSF8 (Hodgkin & Reed-Sternberg Cell Marker) (Ki-1/1747R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a single chain glycoprotein of 105/120 kDa, identified as CD30/Ki-1. CD30 is synthesized as a 90 kDa precursor, which is processed in the Golgi complex into a membrane-bound phosphorylated mature 105/120 kDa glycoprotein. In Hodgkin's disease, CD30/Ki-1 antigen is expressed by mononuclear-Hodgkin and multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells. It is also expressed by the tumor cells of a majority of anaplastic large cell lymphomas as well as by a varying proportion of activated T and B cells. This MAb distinguishes large cell lymphomas derived from activated lymphoid cells from histiocytic malignancies and lymphomas derived from resting and precursor lymphoid cells or from anaplastic carcinomas. About one third of the Ki-1 positive lymphomas lack the leukocyte common antigen (CD45).Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugate
Biotium Cystatin A(CPTC-CSTA-1), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins, and kininogens. This gene encodes a stefin that functions as a cysteine protease inhibitor, forming tight complexes with papain and the cathepsins B, H, and L. The protein is one of the precursor proteins of cornified cell envelope in keratinocytes and plays a role in epidermal development and maintenance. Stefins have been proposed as prognostic and diagnostic tools for cancer. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low