Donkey Secondary Antibodies
Biotium CD20(93-1B3), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 30-33 kDa, which is identified as CD20 (Workshop V; Code CD20.4). It is a non-Ig differentiation antigen of B-cells and its expression is restricted to normal and neoplastic B-cells, being absent from all other leukocytes and tissues. CD20 is expressed by pre B-cells and persists during all stages of B-cell maturation but is lost upon terminal differentiation into plasma cells. The protein passes through the membrane 4 times with both ends in cytoplasm and exposes one short and one longer loop to the external environment. CD20 is not glycosylated in resting B-cells and its cytoplasmic domains are differentially phosphorylated upon activation. It acts as calcium channel involved in B cell activation and cell cycle progression.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M
Biotium CD84(153-4D9), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 74 kDa, identified as CD84. It is expressed on mature B cells and on B-cell lines, including pre-B-cell lines, but not on plasma cell lines. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that CD84 strongly expressed on tissues macrophages. CD84 is also highly expressed on platelets and, at low levels on peripheral blood T cells. It is a highly N-glycosylated protein and belongs to immunoglobulin superfamily. It may play a role in leukocyte activation.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Tyrosinase-Related Protein-1 (TYRP-1) (Melanoma Marker) (TYRP1/1986), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody reacts with a 75 kDa melanocyte-specific gene product, identified as Tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1). It is involved in melanin synthesis. TRP1 is present on the melanosomal membranes of melanoma, normal melanocytes and nevi. Recent evidence suggests that TRP-1 is involved in maintaining stability of tyrosinase protein and modulating its catalytic activity. TRP-1 is also involved in maintenance of melanosome ultrastructure and affects melanocyte proliferation and cell death.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Cytokeratin 16 (KRT16) (Suprabasal Keratinocyte Marker)(KRT16/1714), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Cytokeratins are a family of intermediate filament proteins that assemble into filaments through forming heterodimers of one type I Cytokeratins (Cytokeratins 9 to 23) and one type II Cytokeratins (keratins 1 to 8). The cytokeratin proteins play a critical role in differentiation, as well as tissue specialization and function, to maintain the overall structural integrity of epithelial cells. Cytokeratins are also useful markers in identifying the origin of metastatic tumors. Cytokeratin 16 is expressed in benign stratified squamous epithelium and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, as well as luminal cells of mammary gland and sweat ducts. It is absent in non-invasive breast carcinomas and normal breast tissue. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for dete
Biotium Lactoylglutathione Lyase(CPTC-GLO1-1), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
GLO1 is an enzyme involved in the detoxification of methylgyoxal, a byproduct of glycolysis. GLO1 expression has been demonstrated by several studies to be upregulated in various human malignant tumors, including metastatic melanoma and lung carcinoma, and thus is a target for pharmaceutical development. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium MSH6 (DNA Mismatch Repair Protein)(MSH6/3089), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The finding that mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes are associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) has resulted in considerable interest in the understanding of the mechanism of DNA mismatch repair. Initially, inherited mutations in the MSH2 and MLH1 homologs of the bacterial DNA mismatch repair genes mutS and mutL were demonstrated at high frequency in HNPCC and were shown to be associated with microsatellite instability. A member of the mismatch repair family, GTBP (also designated MSH6), is an MSH2-related protein that binds to DNA containing G/T mismatches. Findings suggest that the mismatch-binding factor in human cells is composed of a heterodimer of GTBP and MSH2. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targ
Biotium Ksp-Cadherin / CDH16(CDH16/1071), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a protein of 130 kDa, identified as Ksp-cadherin. Cadherins form a superfamily of related glycoproteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell adhesion and transmit signals from the extracellular matrix to the cytoplasm. Cadherins have been implicated in embryogenesis, tissue morphogenesis, tissue structure maintenance, cell polarization, neoplastic invasiveness and metastasis, and membrane transport. It is suggested that Ksp-cadherin is a marker for terminal differentiation of the basolateral membranes of renal tubular epithelial cells. Within the kidney, Ksp-Cadherin is found exclusively in the basolateral membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells and collecting duct cells, and not in glomeruli, renal interstitial cells, or blood vessels. Ksp-Cadherin has been suggested to distinguish Chromophobe Renal-Cell Carcinoma from Oncocytoma.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer except
Biotium Spectrin beta III (SPTBN2)(SPTBN2/3142R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Spectrin is an actin binding protein that is a major component of the plasma membrane skeleton. Spectrins function as membrane organizers and stabilizers by forming dimers, tetramers and higher polymers. Vertebrate spectrins have two alpha-subunits (alpha-I/alpha-II) four beta-subunits (beta-I-beta-IV) and a beta-H subunit creating diversity and specialization of function. Spectrin III is highly expressed in brain, kidney, pancreas and liver, and at lower levels in lung and placenta. Spectrin beta 3 is primarily expressed in nervous tissues with highest expression levels in the cerebellum, where it is found in Purkinje cell soma and dendrites. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can
Biotium EMI1(EMI1/1176), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a 56 kDa protein, which is identified as Early Mitotic Inhibitor-1 (EMI1). It regulates mitosis by inhibiting the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC). Emi1 is a conserved F box protein containing a zinc-binding region essential for APC inhibition. The Emi1 protein functions to promote cyclin A accumulation and S phase entry in somatic cells by inhibiting the APC complex. At the G1-S transition, Emi1 is transcriptionally induced by the E2F transcription factor. Emi1 overexpression accelerates S-phase entry and can override a G1 block caused by overexpression of Cdh1 or the E2F-inhibitor p105 retinoblastoma protein (pRb). Depleting cells of Emi1 through RNA interference prevents accumulation of cyclin A and inhibits S phase entry.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF
Biotium Protocadherin FAT2 (FAT Atypical Cadherin 2) (8C5), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 480 kDa, which is identified as FAT2. The cadherins represent a family of Ca2 -dependent adhesion molecules that function to mediate cell-to-cell binding that is critical for the maintenance of structure and morphogenesis. Cadherins each contain a large extracellular domain at the N-terminus, which is characterized by a series of five homologous repeats, the most distal of which is thought to be responsible for binding specificity. The relatively short C-terminal intracellular domain interacts with a variety of cytoplasmic proteins, including beta-catenin, to regulate cadherin function. The cadherin superfamily includes cadherins, protocadherins, desmogleins and desmocollins. FAT2 (FAT tumor suppressor homolog 2) is a single-pass type I membrane protein that belongs to the protocadherin subfamily of cadherins. FAT2 contains one Laminin G-like domain, two EGF-like domains and 32 cadherin domains and is believed to function as a cell adhesi
Biotium BOB.1 (B-Cell Marker)(BOB1/2421), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
BOB-1 is a transcriptional coactivator that specifically associates with either POU2F1/OCT1 or POU2F2/OCT2, boosting the promoter activity of those complexes. It is essential for the response of B-cells to antigens, required for the formation of germinal centers, and regilates IL-6 expression. BOB-1 expression in a variety of established B-cell lines, representing different stages of B-cell development, has suggested a constitutive, B-cell-specific expression pattern. LP cells in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, because they are germinal center-derived, are consistently immuno-positive for BOB-1. Conversely, only some cases of classical Hodgkin lymphoma show BOB-1 immuno-reactivity within the Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. Expression of BOB-1 has been reported in follicular center cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and some cases of acute myeloid leukemia. B-CLL, marginal zone lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma may show weak to moderate immunoreactivit
Biotium VISTA / GI24 (Negative Regulator of Immune Response)(VISTA/2865), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
VISTA / GI24 is a transmembrane protein expressed in bone, on embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and on tumor cell surfaces. On ESC s, Gi24 appears to positively interact with BMP-4, potentiating BMP signaling and the transition from an undifferentiated to a differentiated state. On tumor cells, Gi24 both promotes MT1-MMP expression and activity and serves as a substrate for MT1-MMP. This increases the potential for cell motility. Mature human Gi24 contains a 162aa extracellular region with one V-type Ig-like domain and a 96aa cytoplasmic domain. Human Gi24 undergoes proteolytic cleavage by MT1-MMP, generating a soluble 30 kDa extracellular fragment plus a 25-30 kDa membrane-bound fragment. VISTA is a negative checkpoint regulator and is expressed on myeloid cells, T-cells and human TILs (tumor infiltrating lymphocytes) on MDSCs (myeloid-derived suppressor cells) in the TME (tumor microenvironment). It is very likely both a ligand and receptor and is a promising target for cancer i
Biotium CD38(AT1), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
CD38 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that is present on early B- and T-cell lineages and activated B- and T-cells but is absent from most mature resting peripheral lymphocytes. CD38 is also found on thymocytes, pre-B cells, germinal center B-cells, mitogen-activated T-cells, monocytes and Ig-secreting plasma cells. CD38 is expressed on CD34 cells. The CD34 CD38- population of hematopoietic stems cells defines the most pluripotent cells (e.g. blast colony forming cells).Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium CD19 (B-Lymphocyte Marker)(CD19/3116), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
CD19 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that contains two extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains. CD19 is present in both benign and malignant B-cells and is considered to be the most reliable surface marker of this lineage over a wide range of maturational stages. In normal lymphoid tissue, CD19 is observed in germinal centers, in mantle zone cells, and in scattered cells of the inter-follicular areas. Anti-CD19 exhibits an overall immunoreactivity pattern similar to those of the antibodies against CD20 and CD22. However, in contrast to CD20, expression of CD19 is continuous throughout B-cell development and through terminal differentiation of B-cells into plasma cells. Anti-CD19 positivity is seen in the vast majority of B-cell neoplasms commonly at a lower intensity than normal B-cell counterparts. Plasma cell neoplasms are nearly always negative, as are T-cell neoplasms.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other la
Biotium CD11c (Dendritic Cell Marker)(ITGAX/1242), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 145 kDa, identified as CD11c. CD11c (ITGAX), a member of the leukointegrin family, shares the same beta subunit with other members of the leukocyte adhesion molecule family, which includes CD11a (LFA-1), CD11b (MAC-1) and CD11d (ITGAD), but has a unique alpha chain. CD11c has been shown to play a role in phagocytosis, cell migration, and cytokine production by monocytes/macrophages as well as induction of T-cell proliferation by Langerhans cells. CD11c is expressed prominently on the plasma membranes of monocytes, tissue macrophages, NK cells, and most dendritic cells (DCs). A lower level of expression is also observed on neutrophils as a result of its high level of expression on most DCs. An antibody to CD11c may aid in identification of lesions with histiocytic origin. It may also been used as a marker for hairy cell leukemia in paraffin-embedded tissues.