Mouse Secondary Antibodies
Biotium Chromogranin A / CHGA (Neuroendocrine Marker)(rCHGA/777), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. It is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other neuroendocrine tumors. Co-expression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Reportedly, co-expression of certain keratins and chromogranin indicates neuroendocrine lineage. The presence of strong anti-chromogranin staining and absence of anti-keratin staining should raise the possibility of paraganglioma. The co-expression of chromogranin and NSE is typical of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Most pituitary adenomas and prolactinomas readily express chromogranin. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes
Biotium CD36 (Platelet & Microvessel Marker)(GPIIIb/1654), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 80 kDa-90 kDa, identified as CD36. It is expressed on platelets, monocytes and macrophages, microvascular endothelial cells, erythrocyte precursors, mammary epithelial cells, and some macrophage derived dendritic cells. CD36 acts as a receptor for thrombospondin (TSP), collagen types I, IV and V, P. falciparum malaria-infected erythrocytes, and sickle erythrocytes. It also functions as a scavenger receptor, mediating macrophage uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and recognition of apoptotic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). CD36 plays a role in platelet aggregation, macrophage foam cell development, inflammation, and the tissue ischemia observed in sickle cell disease and cerebral malaria. Note that 1-4% of Japanese and East Asia population lack CD36. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue
Biotium Tryptase (Mast Cell Marker) (TPSAB1/1961), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Tryptases comprise a family of trypsin-like serine proteases (peptidase family S1). Tryptases are stored in mast cell secretory granules and basophils. Mast cells are connective tissue cells derived from blood-forming tissues that line arterial walls and secrete substances, which mediate inflammatory and immune responses. Tryptases are released into the extracellular environment and are resistant to all known endogenous proteinase inhibitors. This antibody reacts with mast cells distributed in skin, synovium, lung, and heart. This antibody does not bind with any other cell type. Human mast cell tryptase is considered to be an important marker of mast cell activation and is an important mediator of inflammation. Mastocytosis is a term collectively used for a group of disorders in which there is abnormal accumulation of mast cells in one or multiple organs. Anti-tryptase, combined with anti-CD2, anti-CD25, and anti-CD117, can be useful in identifying reactive mast cell hyperpla
Biotium Tyrosinase-Related Protein-1 (TYRP-1) (Melanoma Marker) (TYRP1/1986), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody reacts with a 75 kDa melanocyte-specific gene product, identified as Tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1). It is involved in melanin synthesis. TRP1 is present on the melanosomal membranes of melanoma, normal melanocytes and nevi. Recent evidence suggests that TRP-1 is involved in maintaining stability of tyrosinase protein and modulating its catalytic activity. TRP-1 is also involved in maintenance of melanosome ultrastructure and affects melanocyte proliferation and cell death.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Tryptase (Mast Cell Marker)(TPSAB1/1963), 0.2mg/mL
Tryptases comprise a family of trypsin-like serine proteases (peptidase family S1). Tryptases are stored in mast cell secretory granules and basophils. Mast cells are connective tissue cells derived from blood-forming tissues that line arterial walls and secrete substances, which mediate inflammatory and immune responses. Tryptases are released into the extracellular environment and are resistant to all known endogenous proteinase inhibitors. This antibody reacts with mast cells distributed in skin, synovium, lung, and heart. This antibody does not bind with any other cell type. Human mast cell tryptase is considered to be an important marker of mast cell activation and is an important mediator of inflammation. Mastocytosis is a term collectively used for a group of disorders in which there is abnormal accumulation of mast cells in one or multiple organs. Anti-tryptase, combined with anti-CD2, anti-CD25, and anti-CD117, can be useful in identifying reactive mast cell hyperpla
Biotium Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) (N-Terminal) (PTH/1717R), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Epitope of this MAb maps in the N-terminus of PTH, a hormone produced by the parathyroid gland that regulates the concentration of calcium and phosphorus in extracellular fluid. This hormone elevates blood calcium levels by dissolving the salts in bone and preventing their renal excretion. It is produced in the parathyroid gland as an 84 amino acid single chain polypeptide. It can also be secreted as N-terminal truncated fragments or C-terminal fragments after intracellular degradation, as in case of hypercalcemia. Defects in this gene are a cause of familial isolated hypoparathyroidism (FIH); also called autosomal dominant hypoparathyroidism or autosomal dominant hypocalcemia. FIH is characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to inadequate secretion of parathyroid hormone. Symptoms are seizures, tetany and cramps. FIH exist both as autosomal dominant and recessive forms of hypoparathyroidism.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluo
Biotium AMACR / p504S (Prostate Cancer Marker)(AMACR/1864), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 42 kDa, which is identified as Alpha-methylacyl-CoA Racemase (AMACR), also known as p504S. It is an enzyme that is involved in bile acid biosynthesis and -oxidation of branched-chain fatty acids. AMACR is essential in lipid metabolism. It is expressed in cells of premalignant high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostate adenocarcinoma. The majority of the carcinoma cells show a distinct granular cytoplasmic staining reaction. AMACR is present at low or undetectable levels in glandular epithelial cells of normal prostate and benign prostatic hyperplasia. A spotty granular cytoplasmic staining is seen in a few cells of the benign glands. AMACR is expressed in normal liver (hepatocytes), kidney (tubular epithelial cells) and gall bladder (epithelial cells). Expression has also been found in lung (bronchial epithelial cells) and colon (colonic surface epithelium). AMACR expression can also be found in hepatocellular car
Biotium TRAF1 (TNFR-Associated Factor 1) (Lymphomatoid Papulosis Marker)(TRAF1/2770), CF594 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a protein of 52 kDa, which is identified as TNFR1 (TNFR-associated factor 1). CD30-positive lymphoproliferations of the skin comprise 30% of all primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs). Besides borderline cases this group includes lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) and primary cutaneous anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (cALCL). Although the two entities overlap clinically, histopathologically, immunopathologically and genetically, they differ considerably in their prognosis. In particular, common feature of both cases is histologically the presence of atypical lymphoid CD30-positive T blasts and genetically a clonal T-cell-receptor rearrangement. However, both cases differ considerably in their clinical course: Lesions of LyP regress spontaneously, whereas those of cALCL persist and may progress and spread. Moreover, LyP patients do not benefit from an aggressive radio- and/or chemotherapeutic approach, in contrast to patients with cALCL. Besides, LyP and cAL
Biotium Spectrin Alpha 1 (Erythrocyte Marker) (SPTA1/1810), 0.2mg/mL
Spectrin is an actin crosslinking and molecular scaffold protein that links the plasma membrane to the actin cytoskeleton, and functions in the determination of cell shape, arrangement of transmembrane proteins, and organization of organelles. Spectrins function as membrane organizers and stabilizers, composed of non-homologous α andβ chains, which aggregate side-to-side in an anti-parallel fashion to form dimers, tetramers and higher polymers. Spectrin α I and spectrinβ I are present in erythrocytes, whereas spectrin α II (also designated fodrin α) and spectrinβ II (also designated fodrinβ) are present in other somatic cells. The spectrin tetramers in erythrocytes act as barriers to lateral diffusion, but spectrin dimers seem to lack this function.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S
Biotium BARX1 (Prognostic Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma)(BARX1/2760), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
BarX1 is a member of the Bar subclass of homeobox transcription factors. Studies of the Mouse and chick homolog suggest the encoded protein may play a role in developing teeth and craniofacial mesenchyme of neural crest origin. The protein may also be associated with differentiation of stomach epithelia. Down-regulation of Barx1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) migration, invasion and metastasis, whereas up-regulation of Barx1 inhibits HCC migration, invasion and metastasis. The loss of Barx1 expression represents a prognostic biomarker in human HCC. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium NKX2.2 (Neuroendocrine & Ewing s Sarcoma Marker) (rNX2/294), 1mg/mL
Expression of NKX2.2 has been found in neuroendocrine tumors of the gut, making it a potential marker for the study of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. More recently, NKX2.2 protein was identified as a target of EWS-FLI-1, the fusion protein specific to Ewing sarcoma, and was shown to be differentially upregulated in Ewing sarcoma on the basis of array-based gene expression analysis. It acts as a valuable marker for Ewing sarcoma, with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 89%, and aids in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium CELA3B / ELA3B (Pancreatic Function Marker) (CELA3B/1811), 1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a protein of ~30 kDa, identified as CELA3B (Chymotrypsin like elastase family member 3B). Elastases form a subfamily of serine proteases that hydrolyze many proteins in addition to elastin. Humans have six elastase genes which encode the structurally similar proteins elastase 1, 2, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B. Unlike other elastases, elastase 3B has little elastolytic activity. Like most of the human elastases, elastase 3B is secreted from the pancreas as a zymogen and, like other serine proteases such as trypsin, chymotrypsin and kallikrein; it has a digestive function in the intestine. Elastase 3B preferentially cleaves proteins after alanine residues. Elastase 3B may also function in the intestinal transport and metabolism of cholesterol. Both elastase 3A and elastase 3B have been referred to as protease E and as elastase 1, and excretion of this protein in fecal material is frequently used as a measure of pancreatic function.Primary antibodies are available pur
Biotium gp100 / Melanosome / PMEL17 / SILV (Melanoma Marker)(N/A), 1mg/mL
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize melanoma-associated antigens, which belong to three main groups. These groups include tumor-associated testis-specific antigens, melanocyte differentiation antigens and mutated or aberrantly expressed antigens, which are routinely used as markers to identify melanomas based on their binding to specific monoclonal antibodies. gp100, also designated ME20-M, ME20-S and PMEL 17, is classified as a melanocyte differentiation antigen and is expressed at low levels in normal cell lines and tissues, but is upregulated in melanocytes. gp100 is a highly glycosylated protein. It is also the product of proteolytic cleavage, which results in a secreted protein.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, b
Biotium DOG-1 / TMEM16A (Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Marker)(rDG1/447), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Expression of DOG-1 protein is elevated in the gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST's), c-kit signaling-driven mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract. DOG-1 is rarely expressed in other soft tissue tumors, which, due to appearance, may be difficult to diagnose. Immunoreactivity for DOG-1 has been reported in 97. 8 percent of scorable GIST's, including all c-kit negative GIST's. Overexpression of DOG-1 has been suggested to aid in the identification of GISTs, including Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha mutants that fail to express c-kit antigen. The overall sensitivity of DOG1 and c-kit in GIST's is nearly identical: 94. 4% vs. 94. 7%. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can
Biotium NK1.1 / CD161c / Klrb1c, Mouse(PK136), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
NK1. 1 is a type II integral membrane glycoprotein with a C-type lectin domain and is encoded by theKlrb1c/NKR-P1Cgene. It is predominantly expressed as a disulfide-linked homodimer on NK cells however; it is also expressed on NK-T cells, a rare population of T lymphocytes. NK1. 1 is expressed in some mouse strains, including C57BL/6, FVB/N, and NZB, but not AKR, BALB/c, CBA/J, C3H, DBA/1, DBA/2, NOD, SJL, and 129. Expression of NKR-P1C antigen has been correlated with lysis of tumor cells in vitro and rejection of bone marrow allograftsin vivo. NK-1. 1 has also been shown to play a role in NK cell activation, IFN- production, and cytotoxic granule release. NK-1. 1 is commonly used as a mouse NK cell marker. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abu