Mouse Secondary Antibodies
Biotium Lactoylglutathione Lyase(CPTC-GLO1-1), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
GLO1 is an enzyme involved in the detoxification of methylgyoxal, a byproduct of glycolysis. GLO1 expression has been demonstrated by several studies to be upregulated in various human malignant tumors, including metastatic melanoma and lung carcinoma, and thus is a target for pharmaceutical development. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Sulfotransferase family 1E, estrogen-preferring, member 1(CPTC-SULT1E1-1), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The soluble sulfotransferases contribute to the elimination of xenobiotics, the activation of procarcinogens and the regulation of hormones by catalyzing the sulfate conjugation of these substances. SULT1E1, also known as STE, is a 294 amino acid member of the SULT1 family. Localized to the cytoplasm and expressed in intestine, liver and kidney, SULT1E1 exists as a homodimer that is thought to control estrogen receptor (ER) levels by sulfurylating free estradiol. Defects in the gene encoding SULT1E1 are associated with an increased risk for endometrial cancer, suggesting a role for SULT1E1 in tumorigenesis. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than o
Biotium Cell Division Cycle 34 homolog(CPTC-CDC34-2), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Cell cycle events are regulated by the sequential activation and deactivation of cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks) and by the proteolysis of cyclins. The cell division cycle (Cdc) genes are required at various points in the cell cycle. Cdc25A, Cdc25B and Cdc25C protein tyrosine phosphatases function as mitotic activators by dephosphorylating Cdc2 p34 on regulatory tyrosine residues. Cdc6 is the human homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc6, which is involved in the initiation of DNA replication. Cdc37 appears to facilitate Cdk4/cyclin D1 complex formation and has been shown to form a stable complex with HSP 90. Cdc34, Cdc27 and Cdc16 function as ubiquitinconjugating enzymes. Cdc34 is thought to be the structural and functional homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc34, which is essential for the G1 to S phase transition. Cdc16 and Cdc27 are components of the APC (anaphase promoting complex) which ubiquitinates cyclin B, resulting in cyclin B/Cdk complex degradation. Primary antibod
Biotium HER-4 / ERBB4(HFR-1), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The EGF receptor family comprises several related receptor tyrosine kinases that are frequently overexpressed in a variety of carcinomas. Members of this receptor family include EGFR (HER1), Neu (ErbB-2, HER2), ErbB-3 (HER3) and ErbB-4 (HER4), which form either homodimers or heterodimers upon ligand binding. The gene encoding ErbB-4 is expressed as a full-length protein, which produces a short membrane-anchored cytoplasmic domain fragment and a long ectodomain fragment. The short fragment is heavily tyrosine phosphorylated and possesses tyrosine kinase catalytic activity toward an exogenous substrate. Proteolytic cleavage of ErbB-4 is promoted by the binding of heregulin. ErbB-4 is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation and its expression is highest in breast carcinoma cell lines, normal skeletal muscle, heart, pituitary, brain and cerebellum. Its expression in breast cancer, pediatric brain cancer and other types of carcinomas has been reported in studies which sugges
Biotium FABP2 (Marker of Metastatic Potential in Colorectal Cancer)(CPTC-FABP2-3), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The intracellular fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) belong to a multigene family with nearly twenty identified members. FABPs are divided into at least three distinct types, namely the hepatic-, intestinal- and cardiac-type. They form 14-15 kDa proteins and are thought to participate in the uptake, intracellular metabolism and/or transport of long-chain fatty acids. They may also be responsible in the modulation of cell growth and proliferation. Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein 2 gene contains four exons and is an abundant cytosolic protein in small intestine epithelial cells. This gene has a polymorphism at codon 54 that identified an alanine-encoding allele and a threonine-encoding allele. Thr-54 protein is associated with increased fat oxidation and insulin resistance. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes
Biotium STAT6 (Solitary Fibrous Tumor Marker)(STAT6/2410), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
STAT6 is a transcription factor in the Jak/STAT signal transduction pathway responsible for mediating IL-4 immune signaling. STAT6 was recently suggested to be a reliable marker to distinguish solitary fibrous tumors from other soft tissue neoplasms. Gene fusions are common in solitary fibrous tumors. Recent next generation sequencing studies demonstrated the presence of a NAB2-STAT6 fusion, formed by an intrachromosomal inversion fusing two neighboring genes on chromosome 12q13, in 55-100% of solitary fibrous tumors, regardless of tumor morphology or anatomical site. By immunohistochemistry, nuclear STAT6 expression can discriminate solitary fibrous tumors from its morphological mimics in the meninges, including meningioma, glioblastoma, gliosarcoma, haemangioblastoma, schwannoma and haemangioma. A recent study by Cheah, et al. using the rabbit monoclonal STAT6 antibody (Clone YE361) observed expression in all solitary fibrous tumors (54/54) tested, regardless of histology, anato
Biotium Tyrosinase (Melanoma Marker)(rOCA1/812), 1mg/mL
Recognizes a cluster of proteins between 70-80 kDa, identified as tyrosinase. Occasionally a minor band at 55 kDa is also detected. This MAb shows no cross-reaction with MAGE-1 and tyrosinase-related protein 1, TRP-1/gp75. Tyrosinase is a copper-containing metalloglycoprotein that catalyzes several steps in the melanin pigment biosynthetic pathway; the hydroxylation of tyrosine to L-3, 4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (dopa), and the subsequent oxidation of dopa to dopaquinone. Mutations of the tyrosinase gene occur in various forms of albinism. Tyrosinase is one of the targets for cytotoxic T-cell recognition in melanoma patients. Staining of melanomas with this MAb shows tyrosinase in melanotic as well as amelanotic variants. This MAb is a useful marker for melanocytes and melanomas. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes
Biotium APEX Nuclease I(CPTC-APEX1-2), 1mg/mL
APEX Nuclease (also known as APEX1 or APE1) is a multifunctional protein that plays a central role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. The two major activities of APEX1 are in DNA repair and redox regulation of transcriptional factors. It functions as a apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endodeoxyribonuclease in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions induced by oxidative and alkylating agents. Patients with genetic variants in APEX1 have been shown to have a higher risk of lung cancer. Elevated APEX1 levels observed in human testicular cancer may be related to relative resistance to therapy and therefore may serve as a diagnostic marker for refractory disease. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes
Biotium Cytokeratin 10(KRT10/844), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a protein of 56.5 kDa, identified as cytokeratin 10 (CK10). CK10 is expressed in all suprabasal layers of the epidermis. In the epidermis, expression of CK10 strictly parallels the extent of differentiation; it is absent in the basal layer, appears in the first suprabasal layers and increases in concentration towards the granular layer. However, CK10 is rarely detected in early stages of vulvar squamous carcinomas (tumors less than 2 cm, clinical stage I) regardless of the tumor grade. In larger and more advanced tumors (greater than 2 cm, clinical stages II and III), CK10 is detected very frequently. Expression of CK10 is related to maturation of malignant keratinocytes, being preferentially detected in more-differentiated parts.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M
Biotium Cytokeratin 7 (Glandular and Transitional Epithelial Marker)(KRT7/2200), 1mg/mL
Recognizes an intermediate filament protein (IFP) of 55 kDa, which is identified as cytokeratin 7. This MAb is highly specific to cytokeratin 7 and shows no cross-reaction with other IFPs. Cytokeratin 7 is a basic cytokeratin, which is found in most glandular and transitional epithelia but not in the stratified squamous epithelia. Keratin 7 is expressed in the epithelial cells of ovary, lung, and breast but not of colon, prostate, or gastrointestinal tract. MAb to cytokeratin 7 is highly useful in distinguishing ovarian carcinomas (keratin 7 ) from colon carcinomas (keratin 7-). Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium p14ARF(4C6/4), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The progression of cells through the cell cycle is regulated by a family of proteins designated cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). Sequential activation of individual members of this family and their consequent phosphorylation of critical substrates promotes orderly progression through the cell cycle. Multiple proteins are encoded by the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A (MTS1/ p16INK4a) via translation of alternate reading frames, resulting in the pro- duction of the p19 ARF protein in mice and the p14 ARF protein in humans. p14 ARF induces an increase in MDM2 and p21 levels and leads to cell cycle arrest in both G1 and G2/M. p14 ARF is negatively regulated by p53 and is known to bind directly to MDM2. CDKN2A also encodes the mitotic protein p16, which binds to and inhibits the Cdk4/cyclin D complex. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue
Biotium MBD1 (Methyl-CpG Binding Domain Protein 1)(CPTC-MBD1-1), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
DNA methylation is the major modification of eukaryotic genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development. Human proteins MECP2, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3, and MBD4 comprise a family of nuclear proteins related by the presence in each of a methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD). Each of these proteins, with the exception of MBD3, is capable of binding specifically to methylated DNA. MECP2, MBD1 and MBD2 can also repress transcription from methylated gene promoters. MBD1 has also been predicted to be involved in the development and progression of tumors, and it has been shown that MBD1 is significantly upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues when compared with surrounding normal tissues. Furthermore, MBD1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S
Biotium NKX2.2 (Neuroendocrine & Ewing's Sarcoma Marker)(NX2/2198R), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Expression of NKX2. 2 has been found in neuroendocrine tumors of the gut, making it a potential marker for the study of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. More recently, NKX2. 2 protein was identified as a target of EWS-FLI-1, the fusion protein specific to Ewing sarcoma, and was shown to be differentially upregulated in Ewing sarcoma on the basis of array-based gene expression analysis. It acts as a valuable marker for Ewing sarcoma, with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 89%, and aids in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Fas (TNFRSF6) associated factor 1(CPTC-FAF1-2), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
In contrast to growth factors which promote cell proliferation, FAS ligand (FAS-L) and the tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) rapidly induce apoptosis. Cellular response to FAS-L and TNF is mediated by structurally related receptors containing a conserved 'death domain' and belonging to the TNF receptor superfamily. TRADD, FADD and RIP are FAS/TNF-RI interacting proteins that contain a death domain homologous region (DDH). TRADD (TNF-RI-associated death domain) and FADD (FAS-associated death domain) associate with the death domains of both FAS and TNF-RI via their DDH regions, while RIP associates exclusively with FAS. An additional FAS interacting protein designated FAF1, for FAS-associated protein factor-1, binds with the cytoplasmic tail of wildtype but not LPR mutant FAS. When overexpressed in cells, FAF1 enhances the efficiency of FAS-mediated apoptosis. In contrast to TRADD, FADD and RIP, FAF1 lacks a DDH and cannot induce apoptosis independently of FAS activation. Primary antibo
Biotium Creatine Phosphokinase-BB (CK-BB)(CPTC-CKB-2), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Creatine kinases (CK) are a large family of isoenzymes that regulate levels of ATP in subcellular compartments, where they provide ATP at sites of fluctuating energy demand by the transfer of phosphates between creatine and adenine nucleotides. CKs provide the energy of phosphate hydrolysis necessary to drive the normal function of many cellular systems. In cells, the cytosolic CK enzymes consist of two subunits, which can be either B (brain type) or M (muscle type). There are three different isoenzymes: CKMM, CKBB and CKMB. This MAb recognizes the CKBB isoenzyme and does not react with the B subunit in CKMB. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than