Mouse Secondary Antibodies
Biotium MAPK14(CPTC-MAPK14-1), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase is activated by various environmental stresses and proinflammatory cytokines. The activation requires its phosphorylation by MAP kinase kinases (MKKs), or its autophosphorylation triggered by the interaction of MAP3K7IP1/TAB1 protein with this kinase. The substrates of this kinase include transcription regulator ATF2, MEF2C, and MAX, cell cycle regulator CDC25B, and tumor suppressor p53, which suggest the roles of this kinase in stress related transcription and cell cycle regulation, as well as in genotoxic stress response. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. It has been implicated in various cancer pathologies and depen
Biotium Cytokeratin 14 (KRT14) (Squamous Cell Marker)(KRT14/2375), 0.2mg/mL
Cytokeratin 14 (CK14) belongs to the type I (or A or acidic) subfamily of low molecular weight keratins and exists in combination with keratin 5 (type II or B or basic). CK14 is found in basal cells of squamous epithelia, some glandular epithelia, myoepithelium, and mesothelial cells. Anti-CK14 is useful in differentiating squamous cell carcinomas from poorly differentiated epithelial tumors. Anti-CK14 is one of the specific basal markers for distinguishing between basal and non-basal subtypes of breast carcinomas. Anti-CK14 is also a good marker for differentiation of intraductal from invasive salivary duct carcinoma by the positive staining of basal cells surrounding the in-situ neoplasm as well as for differentiation of benign prostate from prostate carcinoma. Furthermore, this antibody has been useful in separating oncocytic tumors of the kidney from its renal mimics, and in identifying metaplastic carcinomas of the breast. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a
Biotium ARF1 (Golgi Apparatus Marker)(ARF1/2117), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family comprises a group of structurally and functionally conserved proteins, which are members of the Ras superfamily of regulatory GTP-binding proteins. The ARF family is divided functionally into the ARF and the ARF-like proteins. ARF's share more than 60% sequence identity, appear to be ubiquitous in eukaryotes, and are highly conserved evolutionarily. ARF is involved in intracellular protein traffic to and within the Golgi complex. ARF has a number of disparate activities including maintenance of organelle integrity, assembly of coat proteins, as a co-factor for cholera toxin and as an activator of phospholipase D. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and
Biotium PDZ and LIM Domain 1(CPTC-PDLIM1-1), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
CLP36, also known as PDLIM1, CLIM1 or Elfin, is a 329 amino acid cytoplasmic protein that associates with actin stress fibers at the cytoskeleton. Expressed at high levels in skeletal muscle and heart and at lower levels in colon, small intestine, spleen, lung, placenta, kidney, liver, thymus and pancreas, CLP36 functions as a cytoskeletal protein that is thought to act as an adaptor, bringing target proteins to the cytoskeleton. Specifically, CLP36 interacts with Clik1 (-actinin-1, thereby facilitating the association of Clik1 with actin stress fibers. CLP36 contains one PDZ domain and one LIM zinc-binding domain through which it conveys its protein-protein binding capabilities. Human CLP36 shares 88% sequence similarity with its rat counterpart, suggesting a conserved function between species. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue
Biotium HNF1A (Pancreatic Tumor Suppressor)(HNF1A/2087), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
HNF1A belongs to the homeobox protein family and is an essential transcription factor for many hepatic genes involved in detoxification, homeostasis and metabolisms of glucose, lipid, steroid and amino acid. In addition, HNF1A is an important component of the transcriptional networks governing embryonic pancreas development and differentiation. as well as maintaining the growth and function of islet cells in adult. HNF1A (Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha) is a transcription factor that is known to regulate pancreatic differentiation and maintain homeostasis of endocrine pancreas. Recently, genome-wide association studies have implicated HNF1Aas a susceptibility gene for pancreatic cancer. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because
Biotium CDX2 / Caudal Type Homeobox 2 (GI Epithelial Marker)(CDX2/2214), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The specificity of this monoclonal antibody to its intended target was validated by HuProt™ Array, containing more than 19, 000, full-length human proteins. The intestine-specific transcription factors CDX1 and CDX2 are important for directing intestinal development, differentiation, proliferation and maintenance of the intestinal phenotype. CDX2 protein expression has been seen in GI carcinomas. Anti-CDX2 has been useful to establish GI origin of metastatic adenocarcinomas and carcinoidsand is especially useful to distinguish metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma from lung adenocarcinoma. However, mucinous carcinomas of the ovary also express CDX2 protein. It limits the usefulness of this marker in the distinction of metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma from mucinous carcinoma of the ovary. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of bl
Biotium Malate dehydrogenase 1 NAD (soluble)(CPTC-MDH1-1), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate, utilizing the NAD/NADH cofactor system in the citric acid cycle. The protein encoded by this gene is localized to the cytoplasm and may play pivotal roles in the malate-aspartate shuttle that operates in the metabolic coordination between cytosol and mitochondria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Calcineurin B / PPP3R1(BE2.1), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes the Calcineurin B alpha protein, encoded by the PPP3R1 (Protein Phosphatase 3 Regulatory Subunit B Alpha) gene. Calcineurin is an enzyme that dephosphorylates serine and threonine residues in proteins. It is a heterodimer of a 59 kDa catalytic A subunit and a 19 kDa regulatory B subunit that is activated by the binding of calcium ions and calmodulin. Calcineurin is expressed in many tissues, but its levels are highest in the brain, where it may play a role in learning and memory. It has many substrates, including NFAT, a transcription factor that is activated by dephosphorylation. Complexes of the immuno-suppressants cyclosporine and FK506 with immunophilin proteins such as cyclophilin and FKBP12 are potent and specific inhibitors of Calcineurin activity. Alterations in Calcineurin activity are suspected to play a role in cardiac hypertrophy and graft versus host disease in organ transplantation. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selecti
Biotium Cytokeratin, Basic (Type II or HMW)(rKRTH/2148), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes CK1, CK5, CK10 and CK14. In normal epithelia, it stains stratified epithelia, myoepithelial cells and basal cells in the prostate gland and bronchi. This MAb shows no reactivity with hepatocytes, pancreatic acinar cells, proximal renal tubules, or endometrial glands; there is no reactivity with cells derived from simple epithelia. Mesenchymal tumors, lymphomas, melanomas, neural tumors, and neuroendocrine tumors are negative with this antibody. It stains myoepithelial cells and has been shown to be useful in distinguishing prostate adenocarcinoma from benign prostate. This antibody has also been useful in separating benign from malignant intraductal breast proliferations. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, b
Biotium MMP3 (Marker of Metastasis and Rheumatoid Arthritis)(rMMP3/1730), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of peptidase enzymes responsible for the degradation of extracellular matrix components, including collagen, gelatin, fibronectin, laminin and proteoglycan. Transcription of MMP genes is differentially activated by phorbol ester, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). MMP catalysis requires both calcium and zinc. MMP-3, MMP-10 and MMP-11 (also designated stromelysin-1, 2 and 3, respectively) activate procollagenase. MMP-3 activation of procollagenase can occur via two pathways. Direct activation by MMP-3 is slow and activation by MMP-3 in conjunction with tissue or plasma proteinases is rapid. MMP-10 is expressed in small intestine, and at lower levels in lung and heart. MMP-11 is specifically expressed in stromal cells of breast carcinomas and contributes to epithelial cell malignancies. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer e
Biotium Fas (TNFRSF6) associated factor 1(CPTC-FAF1-2), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
In contrast to growth factors which promote cell proliferation, FAS ligand (FAS-L) and the tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) rapidly induce apoptosis. Cellular response to FAS-L and TNF is mediated by structurally related receptors containing a conserved 'death domain' and belonging to the TNF receptor superfamily. TRADD, FADD and RIP are FAS/TNF-RI interacting proteins that contain a death domain homologous region (DDH). TRADD (TNF-RI-associated death domain) and FADD (FAS-associated death domain) associate with the death domains of both FAS and TNF-RI via their DDH regions, while RIP associates exclusively with FAS. An additional FAS interacting protein designated FAF1, for FAS-associated protein factor-1, binds with the cytoplasmic tail of wildtype but not LPR mutant FAS. When overexpressed in cells, FAF1 enhances the efficiency of FAS-mediated apoptosis. In contrast to TRADD, FADD and RIP, FAF1 lacks a DDH and cannot induce apoptosis independently of FAS activation. Primary antibo
Biotium PLK1 (Marker of Mitosis)(AZ44), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Plk (for polo-like kinase) encodes a serine/threonine kinase that is closely related to polo and CDC5, genes that are required for passage through mitosis in Drosophila and Saccharomyces, respectively. Polo and Cdc5 both code for proteins that are involved in regulating the function of the mitotic spindle. Plk protein accumulates in the cell during the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle; Plk protein content and catalytic activity peak at the onset of mitosis, followed by a rapid reduction after mitosis. Plk expression is detectable in mitotically active tissues such as colon and placenta, as well as in tumors of various origins. It has also been suggested that Plk may serve as a marker of cell proliferation. Required for recovery after DNA damage checkpoint and entry into mitosis. Required for kinetochore localization of BUB1B. Phosphorylates SGOL1. Required for spindle pole localization of isoform 3 of SGOL1 and plays a role in regulating its centriole cohesion function. Phos
Biotium Human IgM (Immunoglobulin Mu Heavy Chain) (B-Cell Marker)(R1/69), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 75 kDa, identified as mu heavy chain of human immunoglobulins. It does not cross-react with alpha (IgA), gamma (IgG), epsilon (IgE), or delta (IgD), heavy chains, T-cells, monocytes, granulocytes, or erythrocytes. Monomeric IgM is expressed as a membrane bound antibody on the surface of B cells and as a pentamer when secreted by plasma cells. IgM antibody is prominent in early immune responses to most antigens. Aberrant levels are associated with immune deficiency states, hereditary deficiencies, myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, chronic infection and hepatocellular disease. This MAb is useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The most common feature of these malignancies is the restricted expression of a single heavy chain class. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is clonal and therefore malignant. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a
Biotium Calcineurin A / PPP3CA(CALNA/2353), 0.2mg/mL
This antibody recognizes the Calcineurin A alpha protein, encoded by the PPP3CA (Protein Phosphatase 3 Catalytic Subunit Alpha) gene. Calcineurin is an enzyme that dephosphorylates serine and threonine residues in proteins. It is a heterodimer of a 59 kDa catalytic A subunit and a 19 kDa regulatory B subunit that is activated by the binding of calcium ions and calmodulin. Calcineurin is expressed in many tissues, but its levels are highest in the brain, where it may play a role in learning and memory. It has many substrates, including NFAT, a transcription factor that is activated by dephosphorylation. Complexes of the immuno-suppressants cyclosporine and FK506 with immunophilin proteins such as cyclophilin and FKBP12 are potent and specific inhibitors of Calcineurin activity. Alterations in Calcineurin activity are suspected to play a role in cardiac hypertrophy and graft versus host disease in organ transplantation. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection
Biotium Aldo-keto Reductase Family 1 Member B1 (Adrenal Marker)(CPTC-AKR1B1-3), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Aldo-keto Reductase Family 1 Member B1 (AKR1B1), also known as aldose reductase or aldehyde reductase, is a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. This protein catalyzes the reduction of a number of aldehydes, including the aldehyde form of glucose, and is thereby implicated in the development of diabetic complications by catalyzing the reduction of glucose to sorbitol. It has also been shown to have decreased expression in adrenocortical cancer, and possibly play a role in adrenal tumorigenesis. It has been suggested that AKR1B1 could be investigated as a marker of malignancy for adrenal tumor diagnosis.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower