Mouse Secondary Antibodies
Biotium Spectrin beta III (SPTBN2)(SPTBN2/2979R), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Spectrin is an actin binding protein that is a major component of the plasma membrane skeleton. Spectrins function as membrane organizers and stabilizers by forming dimers, tetramers and higher polymers. Vertebrate spectrins have two alpha-subunits (alpha-I/alpha-II) four beta-subunits (beta-I-beta-IV) and a beta-H subunit creating diversity and specialization of function. Spectrin III is highly expressed in brain, kidney, pancreas and liver, and at lower levels in lung and placenta. Spectrin beta 3 is primarily expressed in nervous tissues with highest expression levels in the cerebellum, where it is found in Purkinje cell soma and dendrites. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can
Biotium ORC1(7F6/1), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The initiation of DNA replication is a multi-step process that depends on the formation of pre-replication complexes, which trigger initiation. Among the proteins required for establishing these complexes are the origin recognition complex (ORC) proteins. ORC proteins bind specifically to origins of replication where they serve as scaffold for the assembly of additional initiation factors. Human ORC subunits 1-6 are expressed in the nucleus of proliferating cells and tissues, such as the testis. ORC1 and ORC2 are both expressed at equivalent concentrations throughout the cell cycle; however, only ORC2 remains stably bound to chromatin. ORC4 and ORC6 are also expressed constantly throughout the cell cycle. ORC2, ORC3, ORC4 and ORC5 form a core complex upon which ORC6 and ORC1 assemble. The formation of this core complex suggests that ORC proteins play a crucial role in the G1-S transition in mammalian cells. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of flu
Biotium Adipophilin / Perilipin-2 (Marker of Lipid Accumulation)(rADFP/1493), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Perilipin-2, also known as Adipophilin, belongs to the perilipin family, members of which coat intracellular lipid storage droplets. This 48 kDa protein is associated with the lipid globule surface membrane material, and maybe involved in development and maintenance of adipose tissue. However, it is not restricted to adipocytes as previously thought, but is found in a wide range of cultured cell lines, including fibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells, and tissues, such as lactating mammary gland, adrenal cortex, Sertoli and Leydig cells, and hepatocytes in alcoholic liver cirrhosis, suggesting that it may serve as a marker of lipid accumulation in diverse cell types and diseases. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, becaus
Biotium Sarcomeric Actinin Alpha 2 / ACTN2(ACTN2/3294), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Alpha actinins belong to the spectrin gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins and dystrophins. Alpha actinin is an actin-binding protein with multiple roles in different cell types. In non-muscle cells, the cytoskeletal isoform is found along microfilament bundles and adherens-type junctions, where it is involved in binding actin to the membrane. In contrast, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle isoforms are localized to the Z-disc and analogous dense bodies, where they help anchor the myofibrillar actin filaments. This gene encodes a muscle-specific, alpha actinin isoform that is expressed in both skeletal and cardiac muscles. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue flu
Biotium Thyroglobulin (Thyroidal Cell Marker)(r2H11), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
MAb r2H11 reacts with a partially defined epitope of human thyroglobulin. This epitope is different form the epitope recognized by MAb 6E1. Thyroglobulin is a 660 kDa dimeric pre-protein with mutiple glycosylation sites. It is produced by and processed within the thyroid gland to produce the hormone thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Prior to forming dimers, thyroglobulin monomers undergo conformational maturation in the endoplasmic reticulation. The vast majority of follicular carcinomas of the thyroid will give positive immunoreactivity for anti-thyroglobulin even though sometimes only focally. Poorly differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid are frequently anti-thyroglobulin negative. Adenocarcinomas of other-than-thyroid origin do not react with this antibody. This antibody is useful in identification of thyroid carcinoma of the papillary and follicular types. Presence of thyroglobulin in metastatic lesions establishes the thyroid origin of tumor. Anti-thyroglobulin, combined with
Biotium Creatine Phosphokinase-BB (CK-BB)(CPTC-CKB-2), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Creatine kinases (CK) are a large family of isoenzymes that regulate levels of ATP in subcellular compartments, where they provide ATP at sites of fluctuating energy demand by the transfer of phosphates between creatine and adenine nucleotides. CKs provide the energy of phosphate hydrolysis necessary to drive the normal function of many cellular systems. In cells, the cytosolic CK enzymes consist of two subunits, which can be either B (brain type) or M (muscle type). There are three different isoenzymes: CKMM, CKBB and CKMB. This MAb recognizes the CKBB isoenzyme and does not react with the B subunit in CKMB. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than
Biotium Cdc20(CDC20/1102), 0.2mg/mL
Cyclins, regulatory subunits that associate with kinases, control many of the important steps in cell cycle progression. The Cdc2 protein kinase (p34Cdc2) exhibits protein kinase activity in vitro and exists in a complex with both cyclin B and a protein homologous to p13SUC1. Cdc2 kinase is the active subunit of the M phase promoting factor (MPF) and the M phase-specific Histone H1 kinase. The p34Cdc2/cyclin B complex is required for the G2 to M transition. An additional cell cycle-dependent protein kinase, termed p55cdc, exhibits a high degree of homology with the S. cerevisiae proteins Cdc20 and Cdc4. The p55cdc transcript is readily detectable in a variety of cultured cell lines in growth phase, but disappears when cell growth is chemically arrested.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M a
Biotium Geminin / DNA Replication Inhibitor(CPTC-GMMN-1), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Geminin is a nuclear protein that regulates the initiation of DNA replication during the cell cycle. DNA replication requires the coordinated association of Cdc6 and minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins with chromatin. Geminin blocks this assembly of the MCM into the prereplication complex and, in turn, prevents replication from occurring. Expression of Geminin fluctuates throughout the cell cycle with Geminin levels lowest at G1. Throughout S, G2 and M phases, Geminin levels are consistently elevated followed by a decrease during mitosis. The initiation of DNA replication is dependent on the degradation of Geminin during mitosis and the absence of Geminin throughout G1 phase. Geminin degradation is mediated by the anaphasepromoting complex (APC), which specifically targets B-type cyclins and other proteins containing a destruction box motif for degradation by ubiquitinmediated proteolysis. While geminin expression is essential in maintaining chromosomal integrity, it is freq
Biotium Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC)(MUC5AC/917 + 45M1), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Mucin 5AC glycoprotein (MUC5AC) is a 641 kDa glycoprotein belonging to the superfamily of mucins. Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins produced by epithelial cells and can be divided into two families; secretory mucins and membrane bound mucins. MUC5AC is a mucus-forming secreted mucin that is found in normal gastric and tracheo-bronchial mucosa, but absent from normal colon. MUC5AC expression is present in primary ovarian mucinous cancer but usually absent in colorectal adenocarcinoma, thus showing an expression pattern opposite to MUC2. Together with a panel of antibodies, Anti-MUC5AC may be useful for differential identification of primary mucinous ovarian tumors from colon adenocarcinoma metastatic to the ovary. MUC5AC antibodies may also be useful for identification of intestinal metaplasia as well as in the identification of pancreatic carcinoma and pre-cancerous changes vs. normal pancreas.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluoresce
Biotium C1QA / Complement C1q A-Chain(C1QA/2955), 1mg/mL
Complement C1q A Chain (C1qa) is a subunit of C1q. C1q is composed of 6 polypeptide chains each of C1qa, C1qb, and C1qc. C1q is a component of the classical complement pathway, and thereby plays an important role in the immune response. Each C1q subunit contains an N-terminal collagen-like region and a C-terminal C1q globular domain. The presence of receptors for C1q on effector cells modulates its activity, which may be antibody-dependent or independent. Macrophages are the primary source of C1q, while anti-inflammatory drugs as well as cytokines differentially regulate expression of the mRNA as well as the protein. C1q deficiency is associated with lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets,
Biotium Chromogranin A(CHGA/413), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. It is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other neuroendocrine tumors. Co-expression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Reportedly, co-expression of certain keratins and chromogranin indicates neuroendocrine lineage. The presence of strong anti-chromogranin staining and absence of anti-keratin staining should raise the possibility of paraganglioma. The co-expression of chromogranin and NSE is typical of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Most pituitary adenomas and prolactinomas readily express chromogranin.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes
Biotium Nuclear Antigen (Pan-Nuclear Marker) (NM2984R), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb is an excellent marker for all nuclei in cells in tissues. It is a part of a new panel of reagents, which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments of cells. These markers may be useful in identification of these organelles in cells, tissues, and biochemical preparations. This MAb recognizes an antigen associated with the nuclei in all cells. It can be used to stain the nuclei in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a nuclear marker in subcellular fractions. It produces a speckled pattern in normal and malignant cells and may be used to stain the nuclei of cells in fixed or frozen tissue sections. It can also be used with paraformaldehyde fixed frozen tissue or cell preparations.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundan
Biotium Prohibitin (Mitochondrial Marker)(PHB/3229), 0.2mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 30 kDa which is identified as Prohibitin, an evolutionarily conserved protein with homologues found in yeast to man. It is located in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Although prohibitin mRNA and protein expression occurs throughout the cell cycle, maximum levels are detected during the G1/S phase transition and minimum levels are seen in S phase and the G2/mitosis boundary. Prohibitin is located exclusively in the mitochondria with the highest concentration on the inner membrane. Prohibitin is an ideal mitochondrial marker. It shows antiproliferative activity and has been proposed to play a role in normal cell cycle regulation, replicative senescence, cellular immortalization, and tumor suppression. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended fo
Biotium Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) / CD66(C66/1260), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes proteins of 80-200 kDa, identified as different members of CEA family. CEA is synthesized during development in the fetal gut and is re-expressed in increased amounts in intestinal carcinomas and several other tumors. This MAb reacts with nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA). It shows no reaction with a variety of normal tissues and is suitable for staining of formalin/paraffin tissues. CEA is not found in benign glands, stroma, or malignant prostatic cells. Antibody to CEA is useful in detecting early foci of gastric carcinoma and in distinguishing pulmonary adenocarcinomas (60-70% are CEA ) from pleural mesotheliomas (rarely or weakly CEA ). Anti-CEA positivity is seen in adenocarcinomas from the lung, colon, stomach, esophagus, pancreas, gallbadder, urachus, salivary gland, ovary, and endocervix. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and pho
Biotium SOX2 (Embryonic Stem Cell Marker)(SOX2/3169R), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
SOX2 is required for stem cell maintenance in the central nervous system, and it also regulates gene expression in the stomach. SOX2 is necessary for regulating multiple transcription factors that affect Oct 3/4 expression. An essential function of SOX2 is to stabilize embryonic stem cells in a pluripotent state by maintaining the requisite level of Oct 3/4 expression. Reportedly, SOX2 is associated with aggressive phenotypes of breast, head and neck, gastric, colorectal, bladder, and small cell lung cancers. However, SOX2 is expressed in a high percentage of lung squamous cell carcinomas and has been shown to be an independent favorable prognostic marker. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluoresc