Mouse Secondary Antibodies
Biotium Clathrin, Light Chain (CLC/1421), 0.2mg/mL
This antibody recognizes proteins of 31-44 kDa, which are identified as Clathrin Light Chains (both A & B). Clathrin is composed of three heavy chains and three light chains, which associate non-covalently to form a triskelion structure. Clathrin light chain regulates the self-assembly of triskelions onto intracellular membranes. Clathrin light chain subunits (LCA and LCB) contribute to regulation of coated vesicle formation to sort proteins during receptor-mediated endocytosis and organelle biogenesis. LCA and LCB are encoded by two discrete genes. They share only 60% homology, and have certain features in common. Both LCA and LCB undergo alternative mRNA splicing, which results in the generation of tissue-specific isoforms.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for
Biotium TAG-72 / CA72.4 (Tumor-Associated Glycoprotein)(CA72/2869R), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes an oncofetal antigen of 220 kDa, identified as a tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72) with properties of a mucin. This MAb defines the mucin-carried sialylated-Tn epitope. TAG-72 is usually expressed by adenocarcinomas, but is negative in mesotheliomas. Studies have reported that this antibody has 80% sensitivity and 93% specificity for pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Therefore, TAG-72 is a useful marker to distinguish between mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma. However, false positive reactions can occur so results must be interpreted with the utmost caution. This antibody may be useful in the differentiation of non-small cell carcinomas from small cell carcinomas of the lung. The combined use of anti-TAG-72 and anti-GCDFP-15 is valuable in the diagnosis of apocrine carcinoma. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluoresc
Biotium Calcineurin B homologous protein 2 / HCC Antigen 520(CPTC-CHP2-1), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Calcineurin B homologous protein 2, also known as hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen 520, is a 196 amino acid protein that contains 4 EF-hand domains and plays a potential role in transmembrane Na/H exchange. By binding to and activating NHE-1, CHP2 increases the pH and works to protect cells from serum deprivation-induced death. Though not typically detected in normal tissues, CHP2 is highly expressed in malignantly transformed cells and is therefore considered to be a tumor-associated antigen. Ectopic expression of CHP2 promotes proliferation of HEK293 cells and knockdown of CHP2 mRNA in HepG2 cells inhibits cell proliferation. Like calcineurin B, CHP2 can bind to and stimulate phosphatase activity of calcineurin A and activate the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes
Biotium Mucin 6 (MUC6)(CLH5), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The MUC6 gastric mucin is a secreted glycoprotein that plays an essential role in epithelial cyto-protection from acid, proteases, pathogenic microorganisms, and mechanical trauma in the gastrointestinal tract. Mucin 6 expression is highest in the stomach and gall bladder, with lower expression in the terminal ileum and right colon. In gastric cancer, Mucin 6 has an altered expression. In normal stomach, Mucin 6 is associated with Lewis type 2; Mucin 6 is also expressed in gastric metaplasia, duodenum and pancreas. Mucin 6 is a secretory mucin, located in the deeper mucosal folds of human gall bladder, and its expression is altered with increasing degrees of inflammation.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have
Biotium Galectin-1 / Human Placental Lactogen (hPL) (GAL1/2499R), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Galectin-1 is a member of the beta-galactoside-binding family and is a dimeric protein of 14 kD participating in a variety of normal and pathological processes, including cancer progression. Galectin-1 can affect the proliferation of normal and malignant cells. Inhibition of cell growth is observed in a lactose-dependent manner as lower concentrations of the lectin stimulate cell proliferation. Galectin-1 may also be implicated in the induction of apoptosis of activated T cells through the binding of exogenous galectin-1 to CD45 molecules present on the surface of lymphocytes. Galectin-1, reported to be present either at the surface of cancer cells or accumulated around these cells could act as an immunological shield to protect against a T cell immune response and provide an advantage for survival.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of b
Biotium PMEPA1 / TMEPAI (Tumor Suppressor Oncoprotein)(PMEPA1/2697), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
PMEPA1 (prostate transmembrane protein, androgen induced 1 is a 287 amino acid single-pass membrane protein that contains WW-binding motifs and localizes to the cell membrane. Expressed at high levels in prostate, kidney and ovary, PMEPA1 interacts with NEDD4 and may play a role in regulating AR (androgen receptor) levels, specifically in prostate cells. Down regulation of PMEPA1 is observed in prostate tumors, suggesting that PMEPA1 may exhibit activity as a tumor suppressor. Overexpression of this protein may play a role in multiple types of cancer.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Cytokeratin 10 (Suprabasal Epithelial Marker) (KRT10/1275), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a protein of 56.5 kDa, identified as cytokeratin 10 (CK10). CK10 is expressed in all suprabasal layers of the epidermis. In the epidermis, expression of CK10 strictly parallels the extent of differentiation; it is absent in the basal layer, appears in the first suprabasal layers and increases in concentration towards the granular layer. However, CK10 is rarely detected in early stages of vulvar squamous carcinomas (tumors less than 2 cm, clinical stage I) regardless of the tumor grade. In larger and more advanced tumors (greater than 2 cm, clinical stages II and III), CK10 is detected very frequently. Expression of CK10 is related to maturation of malignant keratinocytes, being preferentially detected in more-differentiated parts.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M
Biotium RAD51 (Prognostic and Response to Chemotherapy Marker)(RAD51/2702), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
RAD51 is one of the key factors of DNA repair by homologous recombination and has been shown to have anti-apoptotic activity in tumor cells. RAD51 protein interacts with a variety of tumor suppressor proteins including p53, BRCA1 and BRCA2. Elevated expression of RAD51 enhances radio-resistance of human tumor cells. Overexpression of RAD51 protein in tumor cells renders them resistant against cytotoxic drugs like Cisplatin. RAD51 interacts with BRCA1 and BRCA2 to influence subcellular localization and cellular response to DNA damage. BRCA2 inactivation may be a key event leading to genomic instability and tumorigenesis from deregulation of RAD51. High-level expression of RAD51 has been observed in a variety of human malignancies. RAD51 overexpression correlates with histological grading of the tumor in invasive ductal mammary carcinoma. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightnes
Biotium Calretinin / Calbindin 2 (Mesothelioma Marker)(CALB2/2807), 1mg/mL
Calretinin (also known as Calbindin 2) is a member of the troponin C superfamily. Proteins in this family have 6 EF-hand domains which bind to calcium. Calretinin is a vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein involved in calcium signaling. It is present in subsets of neurons throughout the brain and spinal chord, including sensory ganglia. Antibodies to calretinin are useful in differentiating mesothelioma from adenocarcinomas of the lung. They can also aid in differentiating adrenal cortical neoplasms from pheochromocytomas. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Cytochrome C(CYCS/1010), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Cytochrome c is a well-characterized mobile electron transport protein that is essential to energy conversion in all aerobic organisms. In mammalian cells, this highly conserved protein is normally localized to the mitochondrial inter-membrane space. More recent studies have identified cytosolic cytochrome c as a factor necessary for activation of apoptosis. During apoptosis, cytochrome c is trans-located from the mitochondrial membrane to the cytosol, where it is required for activation of caspase-3 (CPP32). Overexpression of Bcl-2 has been shown to prevent the translocation of cytochrome c, thereby blocking the apoptotic process. Overexpression of Bax has been shown to induce the release of cytochrome c and to induce cell death. The release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria is thought to trigger an apoptotic cascade, whereby Apaf-1 binds to Apaf-3 (caspase-9) in a cytochrome c-dependent manner, leading to caspase-9 cleavage of caspase-3. This MAb recognizes total cytochrome
Biotium ATRX / RAD54 (Alpha Thalassemia Mental Retardation)(23c), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
ATRX is a member of the Snf2 family of helicase/ATPases, which contribute to the remodeling of the nucelosome structure in an ATP-dependent manner, and facilitate the initiation of transcription and replication. Structurally, ATRX contains a PHD zinc finger motif. ATRX is regulated throughout the cell cycle where it is differentially distributed within the nucleus. During interphase, ATRX predominately associates with the nuclear matrix, while during mitosis, ATRX localizes with condensed chromatin. At the onset of M phase, phosphorylation rapidly induces this redistribution of ATRX to the short arms of human acrocentric chromosomes, where it then specifically complexes with heterochromatin protein 1 thalassemia or ATRX syndrome. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended
Biotium HER-2 / CD340(ERB2/776), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb is specific to c-erbB-2/HER-2 and shows minimal cross-reaction with other members of the family. C-erbB-2/HER-2 is a member of the EGFR family. Receptors of this family are located on the plasma membrane and consist of an extracellular ligand-binding domain that is connected to a large intracellular domain by a single transmembrane sequence. c-erbB-2/HER-2 protein is over-expressed in a variety of carcinomas especially those of breast and ovary.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium CD40 / TNFRSF5 (C40/1605), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
CD40 is a receptor on antigen-presenting cells of the immune system and is essential for mediating a broad variety of immune and inflammatory responses including T cell-dependent immunoglobulin class switching, memory B cell development, and germinal center formation. AT-hook transcription factor AKNA is reported to coordinately regulate the expression of this receptor and its ligand, which may be important for homotypic cell interactions. Adaptor protein TNFR2 interacts with this receptor and serves as a mediator of the signal transduction. The interaction of this receptor and its ligand is found to be necessary for amyloid-beta-induced microglial activation, and thus is thought to be an early event in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. CD40 is expressed on B-lymphocytes, follicular dendritic cells, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, thymic epithelium, and interdigitating cells in the T-cell zones of secondary lymphoid organs.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with
Biotium PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)(KLK3/801), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a single protein of 33-34 kDa, identified as the prostate specific antigen (PSA). This MAb is highly specific to PSA and stains prostatic secretory and ductal epithelium in both normal and neoplastic tissues. PSA is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease (kallikrein family) exclusively produced by the prostate epithelium, and abundant in seminal fluid. PSA can be detected in the sera of patients with prostatic carcinoma. It is predominantly complexed to a liver-derived serine protease inhibitor, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT). A higher proportion of serum PSA is complexed to ACT in prostate cancer than in benign prostate hyperplasia.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can giv
Biotium CD20 / MS4A1 (B-Cell Marker), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 30-33 kDa, which is identified as CD20. It is a non-Ig differentiation antigen of B-cells and its expression is restricted to normal and neoplastic B-cells, being absent from all other leukocytes and tissues. CD20 is expressed by pre B-cells and persists during all stages of B-cell maturation but is lost upon terminal differentiation into plasma cells. This antibody can be used for immunophenotyping of leukemia and malignant cells, B lymphocyte detection in peripheral blood and B cell localization in tissues. It reacts with the majority of B-cells present in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues and their derived lymphomas. In lymphoid tissue, germinal center blasts and B-immunoblasts are particularly reactive. It is a reliable antibody for ascribing a B-cell phenotype in known lymphoid tissues. Rarely, CD20-positive T-cell lymphomas have been reported. Reactivity has also been noted with Reed-Sternberg cells in cases of Hodgkin's disease, particularly