Mouse Secondary Antibodies
Biotium Blood group antigen B(HEB-29), 1mg/mL
This antibody is applicable for staining ABO blood groups B and AB. The histo-blood group ABO involves three carbohydrate antigens: A, B, and H. Blood group antigens are generally defined as molecules formed by sequential addition of saccharides to the carbohydrate side chains of lipids and proteins detected on erythrocytes and certain epithelial cells. Blood group related antigens represent a group of carbohydrate determinants carried on both glycolipids and glycoproteins. They are usually mucin-type, and are detected on erythrocytes, certain epithelial cells, and in secretions of certain individuals. Sixteen genetically and biosynthetically distinct but inter-related specificities belong to this group of antigens, including A, B, H, Lewis A, Lewis B, Lewis X, Lewis Y, and precursor type 1 chain antigens. This antibody shows specific staining of erythrocytes and vascular epithelium of blood group B controls and no staining in group A controls. The A, B and H antigens are re
Biotium Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) / CD66 (C66/1983R), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes proteins of 80-200 kDa, identified as different members of CEA family. CEA is synthesized during development in the fetal gut and is re-expressed in increased amounts in intestinal carcinomas and several other tumors. This MAb does not react with nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) and with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. It shows no reaction with a variety of normal tissues and is suitable for staining of formalin/paraffin tissues. CEA is not found in benign glands, stroma, or malignant prostatic cells. Antibody to CEA is useful in detecting early foci of gastric carcinoma and in distinguishing pulmonary adenocarcinomas (60-70% are CEA ) from pleural mesotheliomas (rarely or weakly CEA ). Anti-CEA positivity is seen in adenocarcinomas from the lung, colon, stomach, esophagus, pancreas, gallbadder, urachus, salivary gland, ovary, and endocervix.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other la
Biotium Chromogranin A / CHGA (Neuroendocrine Marker) (CHGA/1773R), 0.2mg/mL
Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. It is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other neuroendocrine tumors. Co-expression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Reportedly, co-expression of certain keratins and chromogranin indicates neuroendocrine lineage. The presence of strong anti-chromogranin staining and absence of anti-keratin staining should raise the possibility of paraganglioma. The co-expression of chromogranin and NSE is typical of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Most pituitary adenomas and prolactinomas readily express chromogranin.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes
Biotium DOG-1 / TMEM16A (Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Marker) (DG1/2564R), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Expression of DOG-1 protein is elevated in the gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST s), c-kit signaling-driven mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract. DOG-1 is rarely expressed in other soft tissue tumors, which, due to appearance, may be difficult to diagnose. Immunoreactivity for DOG-1 has been reported in 97.8 percent of scorable GIST s, including all c-kit negative GIST s. Overexpression of DOG-1 has been suggested to aid in the identification of GISTs, including Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha mutants that fail to express c-kit antigen. The overall sensitivity of DOG1 and c-kit in GIST s is nearly identical: 94.4% vs. 94.7%.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give high
Biotium Ki-67 (Proliferating Cell Marker) (MKI67/2462), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Ki-67 antigen is a nuclear, non-histone protein that is present in all stages of the cell cycle except G0. This characteristic makes Ki-67 an excellent marker for proliferating cells and is commonly used as one of the prognostic factors in cancer studies. A correlation has been demonstrated between Ki-67 index and the histo-pathological grade of neoplasms. Assessment of Ki-67 expression in renal and ureter tumors shows a correlation between tumor proliferation and disease progression, thus making it possible to differentiate high-risk patients. Ki-67 expression may also prove to be important for distinguishing between malignant and benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Ki-67 labeling index has been shown to be a prognostic marker in a number of neoplasms including grade II astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, colon carcinoma, and breast carcinoma. In general, Ki-67 is a good marker of proliferating cell populations.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of
Biotium Human IgM (Immunoglobulin Mu Heavy Chain) (B-Cell Marker) (rIM373), 1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 75 kDa, identified as mu heavy chain of human immunoglobulins. It does not cross-react with alpha (IgA), gamma (IgG), epsilon (IgE), or delta (IgD), heavy chains, T-cells, monocytes, granulocytes, or erythrocytes. Monomeric IgM is expressed as a membrane bound antibody on the surface of B cells and as a pentamer when secreted by plasma cells. IgM antibody is prominent in early immune responses to most antigens. Aberrant levels are associated with immune deficiency states, hereditary deficiencies, myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, chronic infection and hepatocellular disease. This MAb is useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The most common feature of these malignancies is the restricted expression of a single heavy chain class. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is clonal and therefore malignant.Primary antibodies are available purifi
Biotium Myoglobin (Muscle Cell Marker)(rMB/2105), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Myoglobin is a cytosolic oxygen-binding protein responsible for the storage and diffusion of oxygen within myocytes. Expression of myoglobin is highest in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Myoglobin is well accepted as an O2-storage protein in muscle, capable of releasing O2 during periods of hypoxia or anoxia. In combination with other striated muscle markers such as vimentin and myogenin, myoglobin is helpful in the identification of rhabdomyosarcoma and tumors with skeletal muscle differentiation. Reportedly, myoglobin is expressed on epithelial cancer cells due to changed metabolic and environmental conditions. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific backgroun
Biotium MMP9 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 9)(2C3), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of peptidase enzymes responsible for the degradation of extracellular matrix components, including collagen, gelatin, fibronectin, laminin and proteoglycan. Transcription of MMP genes is differentially activated by phorbol ester, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). MMP catalysis requires both calcium and zinc. MMP-9 (also designated 92 kDa type IV collagenase or gelatinase B) has been shown to degrade bone collagens in concert with MMP-1 (also designated interstitial collagenase, fibroblast collagenase or collagenase-1), and cysteine proteases and may play a role in bone osteoclastic resorption. MMP-1 is down-regulated by p53, and abnormality of p53 expression may contribute to joint degradation in rheumatoid arthritis by regulating MMP-1 expression. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photo
Biotium Cell Division Cycle 34 homolog(CPTC-CDC34-2), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Cell cycle events are regulated by the sequential activation and deactivation of cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks) and by the proteolysis of cyclins. The cell division cycle (Cdc) genes are required at various points in the cell cycle. Cdc25A, Cdc25B and Cdc25C protein tyrosine phosphatases function as mitotic activators by dephosphorylating Cdc2 p34 on regulatory tyrosine residues. Cdc6 is the human homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc6, which is involved in the initiation of DNA replication. Cdc37 appears to facilitate Cdk4/cyclin D1 complex formation and has been shown to form a stable complex with HSP 90. Cdc34, Cdc27 and Cdc16 function as ubiquitinconjugating enzymes. Cdc34 is thought to be the structural and functional homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc34, which is essential for the G1 to S phase transition. Cdc16 and Cdc27 are components of the APC (anaphase promoting complex) which ubiquitinates cyclin B, resulting in cyclin B/Cdk complex degradation. Primary antibod
Biotium Calcineurin A / PPP3CA(BF1.1), 0.2mg/mL
This antibody recognizes the Calcineurin A alpha protein, encoded by the PPP3CA (Protein Phosphatase 3 Catalytic Subunit Alpha) gene. Calcineurin is an enzyme that dephosphorylates serine and threonine residues in proteins. It is a heterodimer of a 59 kDa catalytic A subunit and a 19 kDa regulatory B subunit that is activated by the binding of calcium ions and calmodulin. Calcineurin is expressed in many tissues, but its levels are highest in the brain, where it may play a role in learning and memory. It has many substrates, including NFAT, a transcription factor that is activated by dephosphorylation. Complexes of the immuno-suppressants cyclosporine and FK506 with immunophilin proteins such as cyclophilin and FKBP12 are potent and specific inhibitors of Calcineurin activity. Alterations in Calcineurin activity are suspected to play a role in cardiac hypertrophy and graft versus host disease in organ transplantation. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection
Biotium Malate dehydrogenase 1 NAD (soluble)(CPTC-MDH1-1), 1mg/mL
Malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate, utilizing the NAD/NADH cofactor system in the citric acid cycle. The protein encoded by this gene is localized to the cytoplasm and may play pivotal roles in the malate-aspartate shuttle that operates in the metabolic coordination between cytosol and mitochondria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium CD50 / ICAM3(CG106), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes the D1 domain of an N-glycosylated glycoprotein of 120 kDa with intra-chain disulfide bonds, identified as CD50 or ICAM-3 (Leucocyte Workshop VI). CD50 is the major ligand for LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) and may have signaling role to increase adhesion. It is expressed on thymocytes and T lymphocytes and is resistant to treatment with phosphatidylinositol (PI) phospholipase C. This MAb is excellent for staining of formalin/paraffin tissues.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Calcineurin B homologous protein 2 / HCC Antigen 520(CPTC-CHP2-1), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Calcineurin B homologous protein 2, also known as hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen 520, is a 196 amino acid protein that contains 4 EF-hand domains and plays a potential role in transmembrane Na/H exchange. By binding to and activating NHE-1, CHP2 increases the pH and works to protect cells from serum deprivation-induced death. Though not typically detected in normal tissues, CHP2 is highly expressed in malignantly transformed cells and is therefore considered to be a tumor-associated antigen. Ectopic expression of CHP2 promotes proliferation of HEK293 cells and knockdown of CHP2 mRNA in HepG2 cells inhibits cell proliferation. Like calcineurin B, CHP2 can bind to and stimulate phosphatase activity of calcineurin A and activate the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes
Biotium Glypican-3 (GPC3) (Hepatocellular Carcinoma Marker), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a glycosylphospatidyl inositol-anchored membrane protein, which may also be found in a secreted form. Anti-GPC3 has been identified as a useful tumor marker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatoblastoma, melanoma, testicular germ cell tumors, and Wilm's tumor. In patients with HCC, GPC3 is overexpressed in neoplastic liver tissue and elevated in serum, but is undetectable in normal liver, benign liver, and the serum of healthy donors. GPC3 expression is also found to be higher in HCC liver tissue than in cirrhotic liver or liver with focal lesions such as dysplastic nodules and areas of hepatic adenoma (HA) with malignant transformation. In the context of testicular germ cell tumors, GPC3 expression is up regulated in certain histologic subtypes, specifically yolk sac tumors and choriocarcinoma. A high level of GPC3 expression is also found in some types of embryonal tumors, such as Wilm's tumor and hepatoblastoma, with a low or unde
Biotium P-Cadherin (CDH3) (12H6), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 116 kDa, identified as P-Cadherin-1 (CDH3). It is a calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion glycoprotein comprised of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. This gene is located in a six-cadherin cluster in a region on the long arm of chromosome 16 that is involved in loss of heterozygosity events in breast and prostate cancer. In addition, aberrant expression of this protein is observed in cervical adenocarcinomas. Mutations in this gene have been associated with congenital hypotrichosis with juvenile macular dystrophy.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific back