Antibody and Dye Based Assays
Biotium CD36(185-1G2), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 80 kDa-90 kDa, identified as CD36 (Workshop IV; Code P-26). Its epitope maps between aa155-183. It is expressed on platelets, monocytes and macrophages, microvascular endothelial cells, erythrocyte precursors, mammary epithelial cells, and some macrophage derived dendritic cells. CD36 acts as a receptor for thrombospondin (TSP), collagen types I, IV and V, P. falciparum malaria-infected erythrocytes, and sickle erythrocytes. It also functions as a scavenger receptor, mediating macrophage uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and recognition of apoptotic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). CD36 plays a role in platelet aggregation, macrophage foam cell development, inflammation, and the tissue ischemia observed in sickle cell disease and cerebral malaria. Note that 1-4% of Japanese and East Asia population lack CD36. This MAb blocks adhesion of P. falciparum parasitized red blood cells to CD36 and strongly inhibits collagen-induced platelet a
Biotium CD8a(Rabbit PAb), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
CD8 is a cell surface receptor expressed either as a heterodimer with the CD8 beta chain (CD8 alpha/beta) or as a homodimer (CD8 alpha/alpha). A majority of thymocytes and a subpopulation of mature T cells and NK cell express CD8a. CD8 binds to MHC class 1 and through its association with protein tyrosine kinase p56lck plays a role in T cell development and activation of mature T cells. For mature T-cells, CD4 and CD8 are mutually exclusive, so anti-CD8, generally used in conjunction with anti-CD4. It is a useful marker for distinguishing helper/inducer T-lymphocytes, and most peripheral T-cell lymphomas are CD4 /CD8-. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is usually CD4 and CD8-, and in T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia, CD4 and CD8 are often co-expressed. CD8 is also found in littoral cell angioma of the spleen.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note:
Biotium CD50 (ICAM-3)(101-1D2), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes an N-glycosylated glycoprotein of 120 kDa with intra-chain disulfide bonds, identified as CD50 or ICAM-3 (WS: IV & V). Its epitope localizes in the D2 extracellular domain and is resistant to neuraminidase and proteases. CD50 is the major ligand for LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) and may have signalling role to increase adhesion. It is expressed on thymocytes and T lymphocytes and is resistant to treatment with phosphatidylinositol (PI) phospholipase C. This MAb inhibits primary mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) but not secondary MLC, cytotoxicity or proliferation induced by mitogens. It blocks binding of NK1-L16 stimulated T cells to L cells expressing CD50. This MAb is excellent for staining of formalin/paraffin tissues.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecti
Biotium Calnexin (Endoplasmic Reticulum Marker) (CANX/1541), CF594 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Calnexin is a type-I integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is a calcium-binding chaperone protein that interacts transiently with newly synthesized N-linked glycoproteins, facilitating protein folding and assembly. It may also play a central role in the quality control of protein folding by retaining incorrectly folded protein subunits within the ER for degradation.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium CD31 / PECAM-1(C31.3), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
CD31 (PECAM-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein member of the immunoglobulin supergene family of adhesion molecules. CD31 is expressed by stem cells of the hematopoietic system and is primarily used to identify and concentrate these cells for experimental studies as well as for bone marrow transplantation. Anti-CD31 has shown to be highly specific and sensitive for vascular endothelial cells. Staining of nonvascular tumors (excluding hematopoietic neoplasms) is rare. CD31 MAb reacts with normal, benign, and malignant endothelial cells which make up blood vessel lining. The level of CD31 expression can help to determine the degree of tumor angiogenesis, and a high level of CD31 expression may imply a rapidly growing tumor and potentially a predictor of tumor recurrence.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like C
Biotium Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC)(45M1), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes the peptide core of gastric mucin M1 (recently identified as Mucin 5AC). Its epitope is located in the C-terminal cysteine rich part of the peptide core of MUC5AC. The epitope is destroyed by beta-mercaptoethanol but not by periodate treatment. This mucin is present in primary ovarian mucinous cancer but usually absent in colorectal adenocarcinoma, thus showing an expression pattern opposite to MUC2. Together with a panel of antibodies, Anti-MUC5AC may be useful for differential identification of primary mucinous ovarian tumors from colon adenocarcinoma metastatic to the ovary. MUC5AC antibodies may also be useful for identification of intestinal metaplasia as well as in the identification of pancreatic carcinoma and pre-cancerous changes vs. normal pancreas.Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specifi
Biotium Cytokeratin 8(H1), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Cytokeratin 8 (CK8) belongs to the type II (or B or basic) subfamily of high molecular weight cytokeratins and exists in combination with cytokeratin 18 (CK18). CK8 is primarily found in the non-squamous epithelia and is present in majority of adenocarcinomas and ductal carcinomas. It is absent in squamous cell carcinomas. Hepatocellular carcinomas are defined by the use of antibodies that recognize only cytokeratin 8 and 18. CK8 exists on several types of normal and neoplastic epithelia, including many ductal and glandular epithelia such as colon, stomach, small intestine, trachea, and esophagus as well as in transitional epithelium. Anti-CK8 does not react with skeletal muscle or nerve cells. Epithelioid sarcoma, chordoma, and adamantinoma show strong positivity corresponding to that of simple epithelia (with antibodies against CK8, CK18 and CK19). Reportedly, anti-CK8 is useful for the differentiation of lobular (ring-like, perinuclear) from ductal (peripheral-predominant)
Biotium HER-2 / CD340(HRB2/273), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb is specific to c-erbB-2/HER-2 and shows minimal cross-reaction with other members of the family. C-erbB-2/HER-2 is a member of the EGFR family. Receptors of this family are located on the plasma membrane and consist of an extracellular ligand-binding domain that is connected to a large intracellular domain by a single transmembrane sequence. c-erbB-2/HER-2 protein is over-expressed in a variety of carcinomas especially those of breast and ovary.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Cytokeratin, HMW(AE-3), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes basic (Type II or HMW) cytokeratins, which include 67 kDa (CK1); 64 kDa (CK3); 59 kDa (CK4); 58 kDa (CK5); 56 kDa (CK6); 52 kDa (CK8). Twenty human keratins are resolved with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis into acidic (pI 6.0) subfamilies. The acidic keratins have molecular weights (MW) of 56.5, 55, 51, 50, 50 , 48, 46, 45, and 40 kDa. MAb AE3 recognizes the 65-67, 64, 59, 58, 56, and 52 kDa keratins of basic subfamily. Many studies have shown the usefulness of keratins as markers in cancer research and tumor diagnosis. AE1/AE3 is a broad spectrum anti pan-keratin antibody cocktail, which differentiates epithelial tumors from non-epithelial tumors e.g. squamous vs. adenocarcinoma of the lung, liver carcinoma, breast cancer, and esophageal cancer.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes lik
Biotium Cytokeratin, LMW(AE-1), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes the 56.5 kDa (CK10); 50 kDa (CK14); 50 kDa (CK15); 48 kDa (CK16); 40 kDa (CK19) keratins of the acidic (Type I or LMW) subfamily. Twenty human keratins are resolved with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis into acidic (pI 6.0) subfamilies. The acidic keratins have molecular weights (MW) of 56.5, 55, 51, 50, 50', 48, 46, 45, and 40 kDa. MAb AE3 recognizes the 65-67, 64, 59, 58, 56, and 52 kDa keratins of basic subfamily. Many studies have shown the usefulness of keratins as markers in cancer research and tumor diagnosis. AE1/AE3 is a broad spectrum anti pan-keratin antibody cocktail, which differentiates epithelial tumors from non-epithelial tumors e.g. squamous vs. adenocarcinoma of the lung, liver carcinoma, breast cancer, and esophageal cancer.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF
Biotium CD48(156-4H9), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Reacts with human CD48, a 45 kDa glycosyl phophatidyl-inositol (GPI)-anchored cell surface protein. CD48 is strongly expressed on lymphocytes and monocytes and weakly on granulocytes but is absent on platelets, fibroblasts, epithelium and endothelium. CD48 is one of marker for detecting the defects of GPI anchoring structure on the patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobulinuria (PNH) and serves as a low affinity ligand for CD2.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium CD53(63-5A3), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 33-55 kDa, identified as CD53 (Workshop V; Code CD53.1). CD53 is expressed on monocytes, and macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts, NK cells, and on T- and B-cells from every stage of differentiation but is absent from platelets, erythrocytes, and non-haemopoietic cells. CD53 is a member of a family of tetraspan transmembrane proteins, including CD9, CD37, CD63, CD81, and CD82. It associates with integrins, MHC class II molecules, and a tyrosine phosphatase and plays a role in cellular activation as part of a signal transduction complex involving other membrane glycoproteins. Defects of CD53 expression on neutrophils appear to be related with recurrent infectious diseases. Cross-linking CD53 using CD53 antibodies led to cytoplasmic calcium fluxes in B cells, monocytes, and granulocytes and activation of the monocyte oxidative burst.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes a
Biotium Chromogranin A(CGA/414), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. It is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other neuroendocrine tumors. Co-expression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Reportedly, co-expression of certain keratins and chromogranin indicates neuroendocrine lineage. The presence of strong anti-chromogranin staining and absence of anti-keratin staining should raise the possibility of paraganglioma. The co-expression of chromogranin and NSE is typical of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Most pituitary adenomas and prolactinomas readily express chromogranin.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes
Biotium CD53(63-5A3), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 33-55 kDa, identified as CD53 (Workshop V; Code CD53.1). CD53 is expressed on monocytes, and macrophages, granulocytes, dendritic cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts, NK cells, and on T- and B-cells from every stage of differentiation but is absent from platelets, erythrocytes, and non-haemopoietic cells. CD53 is a member of a family of tetraspan transmembrane proteins, including CD9, CD37, CD63, CD81, and CD82. It associates with integrins, MHC class II molecules, and a tyrosine phosphatase and plays a role in cellular activation as part of a signal transduction complex involving other membrane glycoproteins. Defects of CD53 expression on neutrophils appear to be related with recurrent infectious diseases. Cross-linking CD53 using CD53 antibodies led to cytoplasmic calcium fluxes in B cells, monocytes, and granulocytes and activation of the monocyte oxidative burst.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes a