4-Vinylphenol, a metabolite found in medicinal herbs and wild rice, induces apoptosis, inhibits blood vessel formation, and suppresses invasive breast tumor growth in vivo. It is also produced by lactic acid bacteria in wine.
- Reduces cell viability in parental MDA-MB-231 cells.
- Reduces sphere formation and vimentin expression on CSCs in breast cancer.
- Suppresses cell proliferation in CSC-enriched MDA-MB-231 cells.
- Reduces ALDH1A1 expression in CSC-enriched MDA-MB-231 cells.
- Increases expressions of caspase 3, sensitizing CSC-enriched MDAMB-231 cells to apoptosis.