Valproic acid (VPA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor. Histone deacetylases (HDACs), which have been recognized for their roles in controlling chromatin remodeling through histone acetylation/deacetylation, are currently known to modify a large number of non-histone proteins to regulate diverse cell processes. In vitro: VPA showed to have cellular neuroprotective properties. In cultured neurons, VPA protected from thapsigargin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, as well as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced dopaminergic neuronal death. In midbrain neuron-glia cultures, VPA was also shown to inhibit LPS-induced, microglia-mediated inflammation [1]. Other sizes are also available. Please inqury us for quote.