Lung fibroblasts are considered as the key effector cells in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), an interstitial lung disease that commonly seen in elderly with unclear etiology. Characterized by excessive fibroproliferation and extracellular matrix accumulation, IPF is associated with progressive decline in lung function, poor diagnosis, and limited treatment option. Studies have suggested that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β induced alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) can undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and serve as a source of fibroblast or myofibroblast in fibrosis. Aging is also a main contributor to IPF where senescence fibroblasts show abnormal metabolism and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes.