Mouse Secondary Antibodies
Biolegend Alexa FluorR 647 anti-mouse CD
Alexa Fluor 647 anti-mouse CD326 (Ep-CAM) [W21115A]; Isotype: Rat IgG2a, κ; Reactivity: Mouse; Apps: IHC-F, IHC-P; Size: 25 μg
Biotium von Willebrand Factor / Factor VIII Related-Ag (Endothelial Marker) (VWF/1465), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is a multimeric glycoprotein that is found in endothelial cells, plasma and platelets. It acts as a carrier protein for Factor VIII and promotes platelet adhesion and aggregation. vWF undergoes a variety of posttranslational modifications that influence the affinity and availability for Factor VIII, including cleavage of the propeptide and formation of N-terminal disulfide bonds. This antibody helps to establish the endothelial nature of some lesions of disputed histogenesis, e.g. Kaposi's sarcoma and cardiac myxoma. It is widely used for differentiating vascular lesions from those of other tissue differentiation within a panel of other vascular markers although not all tumors of endothelial differentiation contain this antigen.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and C
Biotium Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 (LAG-3) (Negative Checkpoint Regulator)(LAG3/3261), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
LAG-3 (also called CD223) is a high affinity MHC class II ligand present on the surface of CD4 CD8 T cells and NK cell, with shared homology in structure to CD4 molecules. It has a glutamic acid-proline (EP) repetitive sequence found in other functionally distinct mammalian, parasitic, and bacterial proteins that may influence a conserved biological function. LAG-3 CD4 CD8 T cells can associate with the T cell receptor (TCR) and downregulate TCR signaling in vitro. LAG-3 inhibits CD4-dependent T cell function via its cytoplasmic domain. LAG-3 Lys-468 within a conserved 'KIEELE' motif is essential for interaction with downstream signaling molecules. Furthermore, as a checkpoint inhibitor target, it may be superior to CTLA-4 and PD-1 since both antibodies only activate effector T-cells, whereas an antagonist LAG-3 antibody can both activate T effector cells (by downregulating the LAG-3 inhibiting signal into pre-activated LAG-3 cells) and inhibit induced (i. e. antigen-speci
Biotium MAML3 (Mastermind Like Transcriptional Coactivator 3) (MAML3/1303), 1mg/mL
MAML3 (mastermind-like protein 3) is a nuclear speckle protein that acts as a transcriptional coactivator for Notch receptors. The Notch signaling pathway influences cell fate by regulating the ability of precursor cells to properly respond to developmental signals. MAML3 is a member of the mastermind-like family of proteins that are human homologs of the Drosophila melanogaster mastermind protein. Through its N-terminal region, MAML3 interacts with the ankyrin repeats of the Notch proteins Notch 1, Notch 2, Notch 3 and Notch 4.This interaction leads to formation of a DNA-binding complex with the Notch proteins and RBP-J, a complex that can then induce HES1 gene expression. While the N-terminal domain of MAML3 is essential for proper Notch binding, the C-terminal domain of MAML3 is essential for transcriptional activation. Due to its involvement in cell signaling and transcriptional activation, upregulation of MAML3 is thought to be involved in oncogenesis.Primary antibodies
Biotium IDH1(IDH1/1152), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a 45 kDa protein, which is identified as isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1). It belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. IDH1 catalyzes the third step of the citric acid cycle, which involves the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate, forming alpha-ketoglutarate and CO2 in a two-step reaction. The first step involves the oxidation of isocitrate to the intermediate oxalosuccinate, while the second step involves the production of alpha-ketoglutarate. During this process, either NADH or NADPH is produced along with CO2. Recently, an inactivating mutation of IDH1 has been implicated in glioblastoma. IDH1 appears to function as a tumor suppressor that, when mutationally inactivated, contributes to tumorigenesis in part through induction of the HIF-1 pathway.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugat
Biotium ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) / CD246(ALK/1032), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The wild-type anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein is a 200 kDa transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase. Its expression is restricted to a few scattered cells in the nervous system (some glial cells and neurons, and a few endothelial cells and pericytes). ALK has been found to be rearranged, mutated, or amplified in a series of tumors. The hybrid gene, NPM-ALK, created by the t(2;5)(p23;q35) chromosomal translocation, encodes part of the nucleolar phosphoprotein nucleophosmin (NPM), joined to the entire cytoplasmic portion of ALK. As a consequence, the ALK gene comes under the control of the NPM promoter, which induces a permanent and ubiquitous transcription of the NPM-ALK hybrid gene, resulting in the production of a 80 kDa NPM-ALK chimeric protein. This translocation is found in anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL). Reportedly, expression of ALK indicates a better prognosis. Approximately 5%-10% of non-small cell lung carcinomas also express ALK protein, producing a c
Biotium Calponin-1 (Smooth Muscle Marker) (CNN1/1408R), 0.2mg/mL
Calponin is a calmodulin, F-actin and tropomyosin binding protein, which is thought to be involved in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. Calponin expression is restricted to smooth muscle cells and has been shown to be a marker of the differentiated (contractile) phenotype of developing smooth muscle. Multiple isoelectric variants of calponin have been identified, however only two molecular weight isoforms exist, a 34 kDa form and a 29 kDa form. Expression of the 29 kDa form, I-calponin, is primarily restricted to muscle of the urogenital tract, whereas the higher molecular weight variant has been demonstrated in vascular and visceral smooth muscle. In Western blotting, this MAb reacts with only the 34 kDa form of calponin in extracts of human aortic medial smooth muscle and is unreactive with fibroblast extracts of cultivated human foreskin.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer except
Biotium Desmoglein-3 (Squamous Cell Marker) (5H10), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 130 kDa, identified as Desmoglein-3 (DSG3). This MAb is highly specific to Desmoglein-3 and does not cross-react with other members of the Desmoglein-family. DSG3 is a calcium-binding transmembrane glycoprotein component of desmosomes in vertebrate epithelial cells. Research has shown that DSG3 has a very high sensitivity (>80%) and specificity (100%) in recognizing squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC). Therefore, DSG3 is considered a very important marker for lung SqCC and can be a useful ancillary marker to separate SqCC from other subtypes of lung cancer. Moreover, studies have shown that DSG3 expression in lung SqCC may indicate a poor prognosis.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, becau
Biotium GnRH-Receptor (LHRH Receptor)(A9E4), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes an epitope on the extracellular domain of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor or luteinizing hormone receptor (LHCGR). Lutropin (also designated luteinizing hormone) plays a role in spermatogenesis and ovulation by stimulating the testes and ovaries to produce steroids. Gonadotropin (also designated choriogonadotropin) production in the placenta maintains estrogen and progesterone levels during the first trimester of pregnancy. Ovaries and testes abundantly express luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor. GnRH receptor contains seven hydrophobic transmembrane domains connected by hydrophilic extracellular and intracellular loops characteristic of G-protein coupled receptors. GnRH stimulates the gonadotrophs of the anterior pituitary to secrete luteinizing hormone (LH) as well as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). GnRH influences the protective effect of pregnancy and Gonadotropin against breast cancer. The expression of GnRH on breast carcinoma
Biotium TSH-Receptor, A-Chain (Thyroid Marker) (TSHRA/1402), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, also known as thyrotropin) is a glycoprotein involved in the control of thyroid structure and metabolism, which stimulates the release of the thyroid hormones. TSH is regulated by thyroid hormone (T3) and various retinoid compounds. TSH binds to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), which is cleaved into two subunits, A and B, and plays a major role in regulating thyroid function. The third cytoplasmic loop of TSHR has been identified as critical for its role in regulating inositol phosphate and cAMP formation. In Graves disease, an autoimmune disorder, TSHR is activated by autoantibodies, which may be stimulated by the cleavage of the A and B subunits.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targe
Biotium Major Vault Protein (MVP) (VP2897R), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 104 kDa-110 kDa, characterized as major vault protein (MVP). Vaults are large ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) present in all eukaryotic cells. They have a complex morphology, including several small molecules of RNA, but a single protein species. The MVP accounts for >70% of their mass. Their shape is reminiscent of the nucleopore central plug. Treatment of cells with estradiol increases the amount of MVP in nuclear extract. The hormone-dependent interaction of vaults with ER is prevented in vitro by sodium molybdate. Antibodies to estrogen, progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors are able to co-immunoprecipitate the MVP. MVP is overexpressed in many neoplastic tissues and cell lines. Expression of MVP predicts a poor response to chemotherapy.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescen
Biotium PTH / Parathyroid Hormone (N-Terminal)(PTH/1173), Biotin conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The epitope of this MAb maps in the C-terminus of PTH, a hormone produced by the parathyroid gland that regulates the concentration of calcium and phosphorus in extracellular fluid. This hormone elevates blood calcium levels by dissolving the salts in bone and preventing their renal excretion.It is produced in the parathyroid gland as an 84 amino acid single chain polypeptide. It can also be secreted as N-terminal truncated fragments or C-terminal fragments after intracellular degradation, as in case of hypercalcemia. Defects in this gene are a cause of familial isolated hypoparathyroidism (FIH); also called autosomal dominant hypoparathyroidism or autosomal dominant hypocalcemia. FIH is characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to inadequate secretion of parathyroid hormone. Symptoms are seizures, tetany and cramps. FIH exist both as autosomal dominant and recessive forms of hypoparathyroidism.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluore
Biotium S100B(4C4.9 + S100B/1012), CF488A conjugate, 0.1 mg/mL
S100 belongs to the family of calcium binding proteins. S100A and S100B proteins are two members of the S100 family. S100A is composed of an alpha and a beta chain whereas S100B is composed of two beta chains. This antibody is specific against an epitope located on the beta-chain (i.e. in S-100A and S-100B) but not on the alpha-chain of S-100 (i.e. in S-100A and S100A0). This antibody can be used to localize S-100A and S-100B in various tissue sections. S-100 protein has been found in normal melanocytes, Langerhans cells, histiocytes, chondrocytes, lipocytes, skeletal and cardiac muscle, Schwann cells, epithelial and myoepithelial cells of the breast, salivary and sweat glands, as well as in glial cells. Neoplasms derived from these cells also express S-100 protein, albeit non-uniformly. A large number of well-differentiated tumors of the salivary gland, adipose and cartilaginous tissue, and Schwann cell-derived tumors express S-100 protein. Almost all malignant melanomas and case
Biotium Cytokeratin, pan(KRTL/1077 + KRTH/1076), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Twenty human keratins are resolved with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis into acidic (pI 6.0) subfamilies. This antibody cocktail recognizes acidic (Type I or LMW) and basic (Type II or HMW) cytokeratins, which include CK1, CK3, CK4, CK5, CK6, CK8, CK10, CK14, CK15, CK16, and CK19. Many studies have shown the usefulness of keratins as markers in cancer research and tumor diagnosis. KRTL/KRTH is a broad spectrum anti pan-cytokeratin antibody cocktail, which differentiates epithelial tumors from non-epithelial tumors e.g. squamous vs. adenocarcinoma of the lung, liver carcinoma, breast cancer, and esophageal cancer. It has been used to characterize the source of various neoplasms and to study the distribution of cytokeratin containing cells in epithelia during normal development and during the development of epithelial neoplasms. This antibody stains cytokeratins present in normal and abnormal human tissues and has shown high sensitivity in the recognition of epithelial cells and
Biotium DOG-1(DG1/447), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Expression of DOG-1 protein is elevated in the gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), c-kit signaling-driven mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract. DOG-1 is rarely expressed in other soft tissue tumors, which, due to appearance, may be difficult to diagnose. Immunoreactivity for DOG-1 has been reported in 97.8 percent of scorable GISTs, including all c-kit negative GISTs. Overexpression of DOG-1 has been suggested to aid in the identification of GISTs, including Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha mutants that fail to express c-kit antigen. The overall sensitivity of DOG1 and c-kit in GISTs is nearly identical: 94.4% vs. 94.7%.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give hig