Mouse Secondary Antibodies
Biotium Cell Division Cycle 34 homolog(CPTC-CDC34-2), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Cell cycle events are regulated by the sequential activation and deactivation of cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks) and by the proteolysis of cyclins. The cell division cycle (Cdc) genes are required at various points in the cell cycle. Cdc25A, Cdc25B and Cdc25C protein tyrosine phosphatases function as mitotic activators by dephosphorylating Cdc2 p34 on regulatory tyrosine residues. Cdc6 is the human homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc6, which is involved in the initiation of DNA replication. Cdc37 appears to facilitate Cdk4/cyclin D1 complex formation and has been shown to form a stable complex with HSP 90. Cdc34, Cdc27 and Cdc16 function as ubiquitinconjugating enzymes. Cdc34 is thought to be the structural and functional homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc34, which is essential for the G1 to S phase transition. Cdc16 and Cdc27 are components of the APC (anaphase promoting complex) which ubiquitinates cyclin B, resulting in cyclin B/Cdk complex degradation. Primary antibod
Biotium HER-4 / ERBB4(HFR-1), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The EGF receptor family comprises several related receptor tyrosine kinases that are frequently overexpressed in a variety of carcinomas. Members of this receptor family include EGFR (HER1), Neu (ErbB-2, HER2), ErbB-3 (HER3) and ErbB-4 (HER4), which form either homodimers or heterodimers upon ligand binding. The gene encoding ErbB-4 is expressed as a full-length protein, which produces a short membrane-anchored cytoplasmic domain fragment and a long ectodomain fragment. The short fragment is heavily tyrosine phosphorylated and possesses tyrosine kinase catalytic activity toward an exogenous substrate. Proteolytic cleavage of ErbB-4 is promoted by the binding of heregulin. ErbB-4 is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation and its expression is highest in breast carcinoma cell lines, normal skeletal muscle, heart, pituitary, brain and cerebellum. Its expression in breast cancer, pediatric brain cancer and other types of carcinomas has been reported in studies which sugges
Biotium FABP2 (Marker of Metastatic Potential in Colorectal Cancer)(CPTC-FABP2-3), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The intracellular fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) belong to a multigene family with nearly twenty identified members. FABPs are divided into at least three distinct types, namely the hepatic-, intestinal- and cardiac-type. They form 14-15 kDa proteins and are thought to participate in the uptake, intracellular metabolism and/or transport of long-chain fatty acids. They may also be responsible in the modulation of cell growth and proliferation. Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein 2 gene contains four exons and is an abundant cytosolic protein in small intestine epithelial cells. This gene has a polymorphism at codon 54 that identified an alanine-encoding allele and a threonine-encoding allele. Thr-54 protein is associated with increased fat oxidation and insulin resistance. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes
Biotium STAT6 (Solitary Fibrous Tumor Marker)(STAT6/2410), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
STAT6 is a transcription factor in the Jak/STAT signal transduction pathway responsible for mediating IL-4 immune signaling. STAT6 was recently suggested to be a reliable marker to distinguish solitary fibrous tumors from other soft tissue neoplasms. Gene fusions are common in solitary fibrous tumors. Recent next generation sequencing studies demonstrated the presence of a NAB2-STAT6 fusion, formed by an intrachromosomal inversion fusing two neighboring genes on chromosome 12q13, in 55-100% of solitary fibrous tumors, regardless of tumor morphology or anatomical site. By immunohistochemistry, nuclear STAT6 expression can discriminate solitary fibrous tumors from its morphological mimics in the meninges, including meningioma, glioblastoma, gliosarcoma, haemangioblastoma, schwannoma and haemangioma. A recent study by Cheah, et al. using the rabbit monoclonal STAT6 antibody (Clone YE361) observed expression in all solitary fibrous tumors (54/54) tested, regardless of histology, anato
Biotium Tyrosinase (Melanoma Marker)(rOCA1/812), 1mg/mL
Recognizes a cluster of proteins between 70-80 kDa, identified as tyrosinase. Occasionally a minor band at 55 kDa is also detected. This MAb shows no cross-reaction with MAGE-1 and tyrosinase-related protein 1, TRP-1/gp75. Tyrosinase is a copper-containing metalloglycoprotein that catalyzes several steps in the melanin pigment biosynthetic pathway; the hydroxylation of tyrosine to L-3, 4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (dopa), and the subsequent oxidation of dopa to dopaquinone. Mutations of the tyrosinase gene occur in various forms of albinism. Tyrosinase is one of the targets for cytotoxic T-cell recognition in melanoma patients. Staining of melanomas with this MAb shows tyrosinase in melanotic as well as amelanotic variants. This MAb is a useful marker for melanocytes and melanomas. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes
Biotium APEX Nuclease I(CPTC-APEX1-2), 1mg/mL
APEX Nuclease (also known as APEX1 or APE1) is a multifunctional protein that plays a central role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. The two major activities of APEX1 are in DNA repair and redox regulation of transcriptional factors. It functions as a apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endodeoxyribonuclease in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions induced by oxidative and alkylating agents. Patients with genetic variants in APEX1 have been shown to have a higher risk of lung cancer. Elevated APEX1 levels observed in human testicular cancer may be related to relative resistance to therapy and therefore may serve as a diagnostic marker for refractory disease. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes
Biotium Cytokeratin 10(KRT10/844), CF740 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a protein of 56.5 kDa, identified as cytokeratin 10 (CK10). CK10 is expressed in all suprabasal layers of the epidermis. In the epidermis, expression of CK10 strictly parallels the extent of differentiation; it is absent in the basal layer, appears in the first suprabasal layers and increases in concentration towards the granular layer. However, CK10 is rarely detected in early stages of vulvar squamous carcinomas (tumors less than 2 cm, clinical stage I) regardless of the tumor grade. In larger and more advanced tumors (greater than 2 cm, clinical stages II and III), CK10 is detected very frequently. Expression of CK10 is related to maturation of malignant keratinocytes, being preferentially detected in more-differentiated parts.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M
Biotium NKX2.2 (Neuroendocrine & Ewing's Sarcoma Marker)(NX2/2198R), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Expression of NKX2. 2 has been found in neuroendocrine tumors of the gut, making it a potential marker for the study of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. More recently, NKX2. 2 protein was identified as a target of EWS-FLI-1, the fusion protein specific to Ewing sarcoma, and was shown to be differentially upregulated in Ewing sarcoma on the basis of array-based gene expression analysis. It acts as a valuable marker for Ewing sarcoma, with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 89%, and aids in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Carbonic Anhydrase VIII(CPTC-CA8-2), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Carbonic anhydrase VIII (carbonic anhydrase 8) was named because of sequence similarity to other known carbonic anhydrase genes. However, the gene product lacks carbonic anhydrase activity (i. e. , the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide). The gene product continues to carry a carbonic anhydrase designation based on clear sequence identity to other members of the carbonic anhydrase gene family. Mutations in the gene cause neurological disorders in mice. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium BAP1 (BRCA1 Associated Protein 1)(BAP1/2667), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The BRCA 1 Associated Protein 1 (BAP1) protein belongs to the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase subfamily of de-ubiquitination enzymes that are involved in the removal of ubiquitin from proteins. The encoded enzyme binds to the breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) via the RING finger domain of the latter and acts as a tumor suppressor. In addition, the enzyme may be involved in regulation of transcription, regulation of cell cycle and growth, response to DNA damage and chromatin dynamics. Germ line mutations in this gene may be associated with tumor predisposition syndrome (TPDS), which involves increased risk of cancers including malignant mesothelioma, Uveal melanoma and cutaneous melanoma. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundan
Biotium Glucose 6-Phosphate Isomerase(CPTC-GPI-1), 1mg/mL
Besides its role as a glycolytic enzyme, mammalian GPI can function as a tumor-secreted cytokine and an angiogenic factor (AMF) that stimulates endothelial cell motility. GPI is also a neurotrophic factor (Neuroleukin) for spinal and sensory neurons. Defects in GPI are the cause of hemolytic anemia non-spherocytic due to glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Aldo-keto Reductase Family 1 Member C2 / DD2(CPTC-AKR1C2-1), 1mg/mL
Aldo-keto Reductase Family 1 Member C2 (AKR1C2), also known as Dihydrodiol Dehydrogenase 2 (DDH2), is a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. These enzymes catalyze the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols by utilizing NADH and/or NADPH as cofactors. The enzymes display overlapping but distinct substrate specificity. This enzyme catalyzes the reaction of progesterone to the inactive form 20-alpha-hydroxy-progesterone. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Geminin / DNA Replication Inhibitor(CPTC-GMMN-1), 1mg/mL
Geminin is a nuclear protein that regulates the initiation of DNA replication during the cell cycle. DNA replication requires the coordinated association of Cdc6 and minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins with chromatin. Geminin blocks this assembly of the MCM into the prereplication complex and, in turn, prevents replication from occurring. Expression of Geminin fluctuates throughout the cell cycle with Geminin levels lowest at G1. Throughout S, G2 and M phases, Geminin levels are consistently elevated followed by a decrease during mitosis. The initiation of DNA replication is dependent on the degradation of Geminin during mitosis and the absence of Geminin throughout G1 phase. Geminin degradation is mediated by the anaphasepromoting complex (APC), which specifically targets B-type cyclins and other proteins containing a destruction box motif for degradation by ubiquitinmediated proteolysis. While geminin expression is essential in maintaining chromosomal integrity, it is freq
Biotium Creatine Phosphokinase-BB (CK-BB)(CPTC-CKB-2), CF568 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Creatine kinases (CK) are a large family of isoenzymes that regulate levels of ATP in subcellular compartments, where they provide ATP at sites of fluctuating energy demand by the transfer of phosphates between creatine and adenine nucleotides. CKs provide the energy of phosphate hydrolysis necessary to drive the normal function of many cellular systems. In cells, the cytosolic CK enzymes consist of two subunits, which can be either B (brain type) or M (muscle type). There are three different isoenzymes: CKMM, CKBB and CKMB. This MAb recognizes the CKBB isoenzyme and does not react with the B subunit in CKMB. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than
Biotium p21WAF1 (Tumor Suppressor Protein)(CIP1/2275R), 0.2mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a 21 kDa protein, identified as the p21WAF1 tumor suppressor protein. This MAb is highly specific to p21 and shows no cross-reaction with other closely related mitotic inhibitors. p21WAF1 is a specific inhibitor of cdk's and a tumor suppressor involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of malignancies. The expression of this gene acts as an inhibitor of the cell cycle during G1 phase and is tightly controlled by the tumor suppressor protein p53. Its expression is induced by the wild type, but not mutant, p53 suppressor protein. Normal cells generally display a rather intense nuclear p21 expression. Loss of p21 expression has been reported in many carcinomas (gastric carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma). Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not