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RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation by neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules. RNAi controls can be used to accurately interpret the results of experiments involving the RNAi pathway.
The epidermal growth factor receptor is a transmembrane protein that is a receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family of extracellular protein ligands The epidermal growth factor receptor is a member of the ErbB family of receptors a subfamily of four closely related receptor tyrosine kinases EGFR HER2/neu Her 3 and Her 4 Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses
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CD160 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored Ig domain protein that is expressed on almost all intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) T (gamma delta T) cells NK (natural killer) cells and a minor subset of CD4 and CD8 T cells In terms of function work has centered on the role of CD160 in enhancing NK or CD8 T cell activation Such effects have been attributed to the ability of CD160 to bind classical and nonclassical MHC class I molecules although with apparent low affinity requiring clustering of MHC class I molecules or overexpression of CD160 or MHC class I for detection of the interaction
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CD200Fc a chimeric molecule including the extracellular domain of CD200 and a murine IgG2a Fc region regulates immune responses following engagement of a cell surface receptor CD200R expressed on cells of the myeloid and T cell lineage A recent report focused attention on a family of CD200Rs but concluded that only one member used CD200 as its ligand
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CD161 (NKRP1) is a lectin-like receptor present on NK cells and rare T-cell subsets We have observed CD161 expression in some cases of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) and found it to be useful in follow-up and detection of disease after treatment
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NKG2D is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein having an extracellular lectin-like domain This domain lacks the recognizable calcium-binding sites found in true C-type lectins and binds protein rather than carbohydrate ligands Human NKG2D is expressed on CD8 alpha beta T cells gamma T cells NK cells and NKT cells
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CD47 (Cluster of Differentiation 47) also known as integrin associated protein (IAP) is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the CD47 gene CD47 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and partners with membrane integrins and also binds the ligands thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRP ) CD-47 acts as a don t eat me signal to macrophages of the immune system which has made it a potential therapeutic target in some cancers
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The type II transmembrane protein CD98 best known as the heavy chain of the heterodimeric amino acid transporters (HAT) is required for the surface expression and basolateral localization of this transporter complex in polarized epithelial cells CD98 also interacts with beta1 integrins resulting in an increase in their affinity for ligand In this study we explored the role of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of CD98 on integrin-dependent cell adhesion and migration in polarized renal epithelial cells
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CD52 also known as CAMPATH-1 antigen HE5 and gp20 is a cell surface glycoprotein that can be targeted to induce immune suppression by complement-mediated cell lysis Mature human CD52 is a 12 amino acid peptide that is tethered to the cell surface with a GPI linkage CD52 may play a role in carrying and orienting carbohydrate as well as having a more specific role
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Her3 also called ErbB3 is a type I membrane glycoprotein that is a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase receptors Her3 is expressed in keratinocytes melanocytes skeletal muscle cells embryonic myoblasts and Schwann cells Monomeric Her3 serves as a low affinity receptor for the heregulins (HRG)
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The receptors CD96 and TIGIT are expressed on the surface of T and natural killer (NK) cells and recent studies suggest both play important inhibitory roles in immune function CD96 has been shown to modulate immune cell activity in mice with Cd96-/- mice displaying hypersensitive NK-cell responses to immune challenge and significant tumor resistance The counterbalance between the putative inhibitory CD96 and TIGIT receptors and the activating receptor CD226 offers unique strategies for immuno-oncology drug development
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CD160 (also Natural killer cell receptor BY55) is a 27 30 kDa member of the Ig superfamily In human it is expressed principally on nonmyeloid hematopoietic cells CD160 antigenis a receptor on immune cells capable to deliver stimulatory or inhibitory signals that regulate cell activation and differentiation Exists as a GPI-anchored and as a transmembrane form each likely initiating distinct signaling pathways via phosphoinositol 3-kinase in activated NK cells and via LCK and CD247/CD3 zeta chain in activated T cells
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CD2-like receptor activating cytotoxic cells (CRACC) also known as CS1 novel Ly9 SLAMF7 and CD319 is a 65-75 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein in the SLAM subgroup of the CD2 family Self-ligand receptor of the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family SLAM receptors triggered by homo- or heterotypic cell-cell interactions are modulating the activation and differentiation of a wide variety of immune cells and thus are involved in the regulation and interconnection of both innate and adaptive immune response
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T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon CD3 delta chain also known as CD3E CD3D are single-pass type I membrane proteins When antigen presenting cells (APCs) activate T-cell receptor (TCR) TCR-mediated signals are transmitted across the cell membrane by the CD3 chains CD3D CD3E CD3G and CD3Z All CD3 chains contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their cytoplasmic domain
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Four distinct genes encoding closely related FGF receptors FGFR1-4 are known All four genes for FGFRs encode proteins with an N-terminal signal peptide three immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains an acid-box region containing a run of acidic residues between the IgI and IgII domains a transmembrane domain and the split tyrosine-kinase domain Multiple forms of FGFR1-3 are generated by alternative splicing of the mRNAs A frequent splicing event involving FGFR1 and 2 results in receptors containing all three Ig domains referred to as the alpha isoform or only IgII and IgIII referred to as the beta isoform
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CD2-like receptor activating cytotoxic cells (CRACC) also known as CS1 novel Ly9 SLAMF7 and CD319 is a 65-75 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein in the SLAM subgroup of the CD2 family Self-ligand receptor of the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family SLAM receptors triggered by homo- or heterotypic cell-cell interactions are modulating the activation and differentiation of a wide variety of immune cells and thus are involved in the regulation and interconnection of both innate and adaptive immune response
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