Glycolithocholic acid (CAS No 474-74-8) is a secondary bile acid derived from the metabolism of lithocholic acid It plays a significant role in bile acid research and hepatology frequently investigated for its impact on liver function and cholesterol metabolism Its mechanism of action involves modulation of nuclear receptors such as the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and interactions within metabolic pathways that regulate lipid and glucose homeostasis In vitro glycolithocholic acid exhibits activity in the nanomolar to low micromolar range making it a useful tool for studies involving cellular models that simulate liver and intestinal function It is also used in animal studies to explore bile acid metabolism and its effects on gut microbiota As a subject of drug screening it offers insights into therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases Experimental concentrations typically depend on the specific research design