Miglitol is a small-molecule inhibitor targeting -glucosidase It is designed to inhibit -glucosidase activity thereby reducing carbohydrate digestion and delaying glucose absorption in the intestine to lower postprandial blood glucose levels Miglitol exerts its biological activity primarily through inhibition of -glucosidase and modulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity which attenuates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reduces endothelial apoptosis induced by oxidative stress In experimental studies dietary supplementation of miglitol in animal models such as the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat demonstrates delayed progression of prediabetic conditions and preservation of pancreatic -cell function Based on these pharmacological properties miglitol holds research potential in studies of glucose homeostasis pancreatic islet protection and metabolic disease mechanisms