L-Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid is a proline analog that influences cellular processes such as lipid autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress. It is known to upregulate the lipid autophagy marker LC3-II and increase pro-apoptotic BAX protein, while also inducing ATF6 cleavage and upregulating phosphorylated eIF2α levels. This compound induces ER stress, leading to protein misfolding and aggregation, and has demonstrated teratogenic, pro-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic effects.
- Upregulates the lipid autophagy marker LC3-II via activation of the PERK pathway.
- Increases pro-apoptotic BAX protein.
- Induces ATF6 cleavage and upregulates phosphorylated eIF2α levels.
- Induces ER stress, leading to protein misfolding and aggregation.
- Shows teratogenic, pro-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic effects.