Nucleic Acid Labeling and Detection
Nucleic acid labeling and detection products are used to add tags or labels to nucleic acids to enable detection or purification. The tagged nucleic acids are referred to as 'probes.'
Nucleotide labeling may include radioactive phosphates, biotin, fluorophores, and various enzymes. Bioconjugation methods that produce nucleic acid probes can also be adapted to attach them to other molecules (for targeted delivery) and surfaces (to facilitate immobilization).
Although nucleic acid probes can be labeled during synthesis, custom oligonucleotide probes can be expensive so many researchers choose to label their own.
Quick and efficient benchtop oligonucleotide labeling can be performed for making smaller probe amounts or when multiple probes with the same label are needed. Enzymatic methods are affordable for small-scale probe generation; chemical methods are more suited to larger scale reactions.
Probes can be labeled at either end of the oligonucleotide or randomly incorporated throughout the sequence. The choice of method depends on the degree of labeling required and whether changes will prevent theexpected interactions. Nucleic acid hybridization reactions can benefit from random label incorporation; protein interactions may require end-labelling.
Summary of Methods
Enzymatic
- TdT: ssDNA
- T4 RNA Ligase: ssDNA, RNA
- T4 PNK: ssDNA, RNA
- DNA Polymerase: DNA, RNA
- RNA Polymerase: RNA
Chemical
- Periodate: RNA
- EDC: DNA, RNA
- Nonspecific crosslinkers: DNA, RNA
Detection methods are biotin-based, chemiluminescent, fluorescent, radioactive, or the combination of several techniques. Tests may include nucleic acid tests for pathogen detection and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for specific DNA sequences in chromosomes.
Invitrogen™ Quant-iT™ PicoGreen™ dsDNA Assay Kits and dsDNA Reagents
Selectively detect dsDNA from a wide variety of sources, and even in presence of ssDNA, RNA, and free nucleotides, with the Quant-iT PicoGreen dsDNA Assay Kit and PicoGreen dsDNA Reagent.
Invitrogen™ Quant-iT™ RNA Assay Kits and Quant-iT RNA HS Reagent
Achieve highly selective and accurate quantification of high-abundance RNA samples with the fluorescent Quant-iT RNA Reagent and Assay Kits. These kits are highly selective for RNA over double-stranded DNA, and provide sufficient material for at least 2000 assays in a 96-well microplate format.
Invitrogen™ Quant-it™ RiboGreen Reagent and RNA Assay Kit
Quant-iT RiboGreen RNA Reagent is an ultrasensitive fluorescent nucleic acid stain for quantitating RNA in solution. The Quant-iT RiboGreen RNA Assay Kit comes with reagent, dilution buffer, and rRNA standards to provide a linear detection range of 1–200 ng of RNA.
Invitrogen™ Quant-iT™ OliGreen™ ssDNA Assay Kit and Quant-iT OliGreen ssDNA Reagent
Quant-iT™ OliGreen ssDNA Assay Kit and Quant-iT OliGreen ssDNA Reagent contain an ultrasensitive, green-fluorescent nucleic acid stain for quantitating oligonucleotides and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in solution.
Mirus Bio™ Label IT™ Amine Modifying Reagent
Attach amine functional groups covalently to nucleic acids. The simplicity of this chemical labeling reaction allows one to control the level of modification. For labeling with hydrazine, amine, or amine-reactive dyes and attachment to activated glass surfaces or hydrazide-coated beads or plates.
Invitrogen™ Fast Blue Substrate (20 mL Blue Buffer + 420 uL each Blue Reagents 1-3)
Fast Blue Substrate (20 mL Blue Buffer + 420 uL each Blue Reagents 1-3) is an individual component of the ViewRNA™ ISH Tissue Assay Kits, 2-Plex
Cytiva Amersham™ ECL™ Blocking Agent
Use for blocking nitrocellulose and PVDF membranes. Cytiva Life Sciences™ Amersham™ ECL™ Blocking Agent blocks membranes to be used with ECL and ECL Plus™ Western blotting detection reagents.
Cytiva Amersham™ ECL™ Direct Nucleic Acid Labeling/Detection System
Use for fast and easy detection of medium-to-high-target amounts. Cytiva Life Sciences™ Amersham™ ECL™ Direct Nucleic Acid Labeling/Detection System are based on the direct labeling of DNA or RNA probes with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in a simple 20 min chemical reaction
Invitrogen™ ULYSIS™ Alexa Fluor™ Nucleic Acid Labeling Kit
Achieve unparalleled precision and sensitivity in your fluorescence-based applications from FISH to real-time PCR. With a streamlined, non-enzymatic labeling process and a broad selection of vibrant dyes, ULYSIS kits ensure your nucleic acids are ready for any challenge.
Invitrogen™ Qubit™ dsDNA Quantification Assay Kits
Achieve accurate and precise quantification of double-stranded DNA with Qubit dsDNA HS and BR Assay Kits. These dsDNA quantification kits enable quick and selective detection of low and high abundance DNA samples, and can distinguish dsDNA from ssDNA, RNA, protein, and free nucleotides.
Invitrogen™ Qubit™ 1X dsDNA High Sensitivity (HS) and Broad Range (BR) Assay Kits
Highly selective for dsDNA over RNA, the Qubit 1X dsDNA HS and BR Assay Kits offer easy-to-use formulations for the accurate quantitation of dsDNA in 100 and 500 assay formats. Lambda Standards provide sufficient material for up to 500 samples.
Invitrogen™ Quant-iT™ 1X dsDNA Assay Kits, high sensitivity (HS) and broad range (BR)
For easy and accurate dsDNA quantitation, the Quant-iT 1X dsDNA HS and BR Assays enable up to 1,000 fluorescence-based assays in a 96-well microplate format.
Invitrogen™ Quant-iT™ dsDNA Assay Kits, high sensitivity (HS) and broad range (BR)
For highly selective quantitation of double-stranded DNA over RNA, the Quant-iT dsDNA Assay Kits, high sensitivity and broad range, produce fluorescence signals that are linear in the ranges of 0.2-100 ng and 2-1000 ng of DNA, respectively.
