Thermo Scientific™ Plates and Modules with Covalent Binding Surfaces

Catalog No.	Color	Volume (Metric) Working	Product Type	Surface Treatment
12-565-132	Clear	100 μL	Solid Module F8 (x12) in Frame	Covalent Binding
12-567-12	Clear	100 μL	Microplate	Covalent Binding
12-567-10	White	100 μL	Solid plate 96-Well	Covalent Binding
12-567-11	Black	100 μL	Microplate	Amine
12-567-13	Clear	100 μL	Microplate	Amine
12-567-14	Clear	100 μL	Microplate	Amine

Catalog No. 12-565-132 Supplier Thermo Scientific™ Supplier No. 478042

Description

Reduce the amount of reagents used in the lab by using these plates and modules with covalent binding surfaces.

Reduce the amount of reagents used in the lab with Thermo Scientific™ Plates and Modules with Covalent Binding Surfaces.

Covalent Surfaces (Thermo Scientific™ CovaLink™ and Immobilizer Amino)

• Minimal leaching
• Withstands vigorous washing
• Coating with lower amounts of reagent may be possible
• Control of orientation

Immobilizer is a trademark of Exiqon A/S, Vedbaek, Denmark. The product is produced under license from Exiqon A/S and covered by EP 08 20483 and foreign application and patents.

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Specifications

• Format: Standard
• Detection Method: Colorimetric
• Array: 8 x 12
• Packaging: 30 Cases
• Color: Clear
• Product Type: Solid Module F8 (x12) in Frame
• Material: Polystyrene
• Volume (Metric) Well: 400 μL
• No. of Wells: 96
• Volume (Metric) Working: 100 μL
• Surface Treatment: Covalent Binding
• Total Volume (Metric) Well: 400 μL
• Well Shape: Round, Flat Bottom (F-well)
• No. per Case: 30
• No. per Pack: 5
• Plate Blocking: Unspecified
• Target Molecule: Peptides

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What length of peptide is ideal for binding to the Covalink NH surface, and what are the detection limitations?

We have tested and found that a three amino acid peptide (Pro, Leu, Gly) cannot be detected when passively adsorbed on the MaxiSorp surface. However, this peptide can be detected when covalently immobilized using CovaLink NH modules and plates. Using covalent immobilization of small peptide residues, one can obtain a better orientation of the molecule and reduced problems with antibody recognition of the peptide due to masking of the epitope.

Are your Thermo Scientific 8-Well Strip Caps for Immuno Standard Modules compatible with all Nunc MicroWell 96-Well Microplates and Nunc Immuno 96-Well Plates?

Our Thermo Scientific 8-Well Strip Caps for Immuno Standard Modules were designed to provide a positive seal for flat and round bottom wells of our Nunc MicroWell 96-Well Microplates and Nunc Immuno 96-Well Plates.
8-Well Strip Caps for Immuno Standard Modules are not compatible with C or V bottom wells of the Nunc Microwell 96-Well Microplates and Nunc Immuno 96-Well Plates.

For Nunc Immuno plates and modules, what are the advantages of one well geometry type over another? Which types should I use for various applications?

The following list describes the geometries of wells available for Nunc Immuno-plates and modules:
- Flat bottom (F): Allows maximum transmission of light. These plates can be read on a monochromatic reader.
- Round bottom (U): This geometry optimizes washing and coating. These plates can be read using a dual wavelength reader.
- "C" bottom (C): This design of the well is a combination of both flat and round bottoms. Basically, it is a flat bottomed well with curved edges at the bottom. These plates also can be read using a monochromatic reader combining optimal reading and washing.
- StarWell: These wells have a modified "C" shape geometry with eight fins strategically placed at the bottom. This feature increases surface area, allowing more molecules to become immobilized which reduces incubation times.

What are some recommendations for improving binding efficiency of proteins and DNA (nucleic acids) using Nunc CovaLink surface modules?

We recommend using a freshly made methylimidazole and carbodiimide condensing agents for optimal covalent binding of both proteins and DNA (nucleic acids). The binding efficiency of single-stranded oligo (a 5' phosphorylated end of a single-stranded oligomer binds with a phosphoramidate bond) is about 8 - 10% with a typical 25 base oligo.

When should I use Nunc CovaLink surface modules?

We recommend Nunc CovaLink surface modules for use with molecules that adsorb with difficulty to a traditional surface. Due to the covalent binding, very thorough washing is possible, which allows for orientation of the molecule and better recognition by the detection molecule.

What are some applications of your Nunc CovaLink surface modules?

Please review the following possible applications for Nunc CovaLink surface modules:
- Immunoassays because these modules allow for orientation of the immobilized molecule.
- Detection of antibody levels to polysaccharide components of infectious agents
- Signal amplification of target by the use of covalently bound primer and hybridization procedures. CovaLink NH is a good product for hybridization of amplification product with covalently bound probe. Amplification is performed and hybridization of the amplified product is accomplished using CovaLink Modules (See Rasmussen et al., Clin. Chem. 40(2), pp. 200-5 (1994)).

What are the features of your Nunc CovaLink surface modules?

Nunc CovaLink surface modules are surface modified, optically clear, polystyrene modules consisting of strips of eight.
The following are key features of Nunc CovaLink surface modules:
- They allow covalent binding of distinct groups of proteins, peptides, oligosaccharides and DNA. This covalent-binding feature arranges bound molecules such that active sites, of the molecules, are available for biochemical activity.
- The polystyrene surface is grafted with secondary amino groups which serve as bridges for covalent binding.
- The optically clear surface allows reading of fluorescent or colorimetric signals.

What is the stability of your Nunc CovaLink surface with protein or DNA bound to the surface?

DNA, proteins, or peptides bounds to the Nunc CovaLink surface can be stored at 4 degrees C for up to one month.

Which 96-well Immuno plates or modules do you recommend for various applications?

The following list offers a brief description of the features of Nunc products and their specific applications:
- Nunc-Immuno Plates, MaxiSorp surface - These plates are designed for solid phase immuno assays and have a polystyrene surface with high affinity for polar groups and hydrophilic molecules. These 96-well plates are available with flat (F), round (U), or (C) bottom-well designs.
- Nunc-Immuno Plates, PolySorp surface - These plates have a polystyrene surface which adsorps less polar molecules compared to the MaxiSorp surface and has a high affinity for hydrophobic groups. These 96-well plates are available with flat (F), round (U), or (C) bottom-well designs.
- Nunc-Immuno Modules - These modules are designed for solid-phase immuno assays. The modules are available in 8-, 12- or 16-well formats with (F), (U), and (C) bottom-well and 8-well BreakApart with (C) bottom-well designs. These different formats allow one to choose the style which is appropriate for their assay design.
BreakApart Modules and LockWell Modules can be used for radioimmunoassays.
- Nunc StarWell Immuno Breakable Modules - The 8-well modules feature eight fins on the inner wall of the (C) bottom wells. This design increases the surface area by 50%. The increase in surface area allows more molecules to be immobilized, increasing assay signal. The fin configuration provides shorter diffusion distance to the surface, reducing incubation times.
- LockWell Immuno Breakable Modules - Each plate consists of 1 x 8 breakable strips. These strips are assembled in a designed frame which locks each well into place by a spring lock. This spring lock design orientates each well at the same horizontal level allowing uniform washing and reading. The LockWell Modules are available with round (U), (C) or StarWell bottom-well designs.
- Plates and Modules with (CovaLink) Covalent Binding Surfaces: These plates can be used to bind proteins, peptides, DNA or carbohydrates. Covalent linkage occurs via secondary amine group. This allows a specific orientation and provides improved stability compared to passive adsorption due to chemical binding between molecules. Binding of molecules on PolySorp and MaxiSorp surfaces is obtained by passive adsorption. CovaLink is a surface grafted with secondary amino groups (<NH) which serves as a bridge for covalent coupling. The covalent binding can immobilize small molecules such as biotin or peptides which may otherwise bind weakly by physical adsorption and facilitate the recognition by detection molecule.
- Nunc FluoroNunc/LumiNunc 96-Well Plates: These plates are optimized for IFMA (Immunofluorometric Assays) or FIA (Fluorometric Immuno Assays). The transparent polystyrene plates give a low background fluorescence and are optimal where a read-through system is used. The white plates/modules provide maximum reflection of fluorescence signal while maintaining low background. The white plates/modules are often used for epifluorescence reading. Black modules reduce background fluorescence and minimize back-scatter light which is often encountered in epifluorescence.

What advantages do your covalent binding surfaces offer over passive surfaces?

While adsorption of biomolecules to our passive surfaces is more electrostatic in nature, our CovaLink and Immobilizer Amino surfaces present an option for true covalent bonding of molecules with specific free residues. CovaLink possesses a secondary amine structure, which will covalently bond to biomolecules with a free carboxyl or phosphate group. This allows for a much more robust and specific coating, which will often tolerate more rigorous washing steps and eliminate the need for blocking.

Immobilizer is a trademark of Exiqon A/S, Vedbaek, Denmark. The product is produced under license from Exiqon A/S and covered by EP 08 20483 and foreign application and patents.