Lactic acid (DL-Lactic acid) is a hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1) activator and an epigenetic modulator that induces lactylation of lysine residues. It is a glycolysis end-product, linking glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. It is considered an oncometabolite, plays an immune protective role in anti-tumor immunity, and exhibits antimicrobial activity. As an analytical standard, it is commonly used in qualitative, quantitative, and methodological research experiments.
- Used in HPLC, GC, and MS techniques.
- Activator of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCAR1).
- Epigenetic modulator that induces lactylation of lysine residues.
- Glycolysis end-product.
- Considered an oncometabolite.
- Plays an immune protective role in anti-tumor immunity.
- Exhibits antimicrobial activity, suitable as a food preservative.