An inhibitor of cathepsin B (Ki = 2.7 nM); inhibits cell division, cell cycle progression, DNA replication, and chromosome decondensation in isolated T. niger fertilized embryos at 100 µM; prevents Aβ40-induced increases in cathepsin L activity, as well as prevents Aβ40-induced apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, and increases in cleaved PARP levels, in primary rat cortical neurons at 10 µM; inhibits quinolinic acid-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB, as well as inhibits quinolinic acid-induced increases in phosphorylated IκBα and IKKα levels, in the unilateral striatum in rats at 5 nmol/animal