A phthalide with diverse biological activities; inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB reporter gene expression in HEK293 cells and reduces LPS-induced IL-8 and IL-6 production in THP-1 cells at 100 µM; reduces acetic acid-induced writhing and increases the latency to paw withdrawal in the hot plate test in mice at 32 mg/kg; increases survival, decreases plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and protects against cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of CLP-induced sepsis at 36 mg/kg