N95 is the most common type of particulate-filtering facepiece respirator (FFR). A mechanical filter, it provides protection against particulates but not against gases or vapors.
N95 Respirator Requirements
N95 respirators must achieve a very close facial fit for efficient particle filtration — their edges are designed to form a seal around the nose and mouth. Surgical N95 respirators, a subset, are commonly used in health care settings.
Surgical and other N95 respirators are tested for fluid resistance, filtration efficiency (particulate and bacterial), flammability, and biocompatibility. They should not be shared or reused.
Using N95 Respirators
N95 respirators are regulated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
The CDC does not recommend N95 respirators for the general public, but reserves their use for health care workers and other medical first responders. Also, the optimal way to prevent airborne transmission is a combination of interventions, not PPE alone.
N95 Respirator Limitations
- Check with your health care provider before using an N95 respirator if you have difficulty breathing because of chronic respiratory, cardiac, or other medical conditions
- Some models have valves that make breathing easier and help reduce heat accumulation; these should not be used for sterile conditions
- All FDA-approved N95 respirators are labeled as disposable or for "single use"
- Replace N95 respirators when they become damaged or soiled; place in a plastic bag before discarding and wash your hands after handling
- Children or people with facial hair should not use N95 respirators because they cannot achieve the correct fit
