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Fibroblast growth factor 9 (UniProt P31371; also known as FGF-9, GAF, Heparin-binding growth factor 9, Glia-activating factor, HBGF-9) is encoded by the FGF9 (also known as SYNS3) gene (Gene ID 2254) in human. Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) belongs to the FGF family of proteins that regulate a variety of cell functions, including proliferation, differentiation, survival, and motility, via FGF receptors (FGFRs). FGF-9 interacts with several FGFRs and binds preferentially to FGFR3. FGF-9 is highly expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in gastric cancer and may play a pivotal role in the interaction between cancer cells and their surrounding stromal cells. FGF-9 is shown to induce MMP-7 expression in AGS and MKN28 gastric cancer cells, promoting invasion and cellular anti-apoptotic activity through activation of the Erk and Akt signaling pathways. In human brain, FGF-9 is primarily expressed by neurons in the cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, cerebellum, and spinal cord, as well as by glia in the hindbrain and spinal cord. Upregulated FGF-9 expression is found in postmortem hippocampus tissues from major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, while FGF-2 is downregulated in the depressed brain. Likewise, chronic intracerebroventricular administration of FGF-9 increased both anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in rats, while FGF-9 knockdown in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus ameliorated anxiety-like behavior. Human FGF-9 is produced with a propeptide (a.a. 1-3), which is cleaved off posttranslationally to yield the mature protein.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.
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