Invitrogen™ Click-iT™ EdU Alexa Fluor™ 488 HCS Assay

Catalog No.	Quantity
C10350	2 x 96 well plates
C10351	10 x 96 well plates

Catalog No. C10350 Supplier Invitrogen™ Supplier No. C10350

Description

Includes

The kit contains sufficient material for two 96-well plates.

For high-content imaging applications

The Click-iT EdU Alexa Fluor 488 HCS Assay is a superior alternative to traditional proliferation assays that is optimized for high-content imaging applications. In this assay the modified thymidine analogue EdU is efficiently incorporated into newly synthesized DNA and fluorescently labeled with a bright, photostable Alexa Fluor dye in a fast, highly specific click reaction. This fluorescent labeling of proliferating cells is accurate and compatible with antibody methods due to the mild click protocol. Fast, highly specific click reaction. The most accurate proliferation-detection methods are based on the incorporation and measurement of nucleoside analogues in newly synthesized DNA, with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) a commonly used analogue. BrdU-labeled DNA is quantitated using anti-BrdU antibodies following DNA denaturation by harsh methods (HCl, heat, or enzymes) to expose the BrdU molecules. This step is time consuming and difficult to perform consistently. The harsh treatment can also adversely affect sample integrity and quality, which makes co-staining with other antibodies challenging.

• Simple: works the first time, every time, in less time
• Efficient: no denaturation steps or harsh treatment required
• Gentle on samples: better preservation of cell morphology, antigen structure, and DNA integrity
• Consistent: not dependent on variable antibody lots for detection
• Less hazardous

Superior Proliferation Methodology
The Click-iT EdU Alexa Fluor 488 HCS Assay provides a superior alternative to BrdU assays for measuring cell proliferation. EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) is a nucleoside analog of thymidine and is incorporated into DNA during active DNA synthesis. With Click-iT EdU, mild fixation and detergent permeabilization is sufficient for the small molecule-based Click-iT EdU detection reagent to gain access to the DNA. As a consequence, the Click-iT EdU HCS assay is not only easy to use, but more accurate and compatible with cell cycle analysis and other intracellular or extracellular targets for truly content-rich results.

• The Click-iTassay can be used on cells in culture or in vivo following administration of EdU by feeding or injection methods.
• The Click-iTassay can be used with BrdU in dual pulse experiments by using the ant-BrdU (clone MoBu-1) antibody, which does not cross react with EdU.
• The Click-iTtechnology is compatible with immunohistochemical, immunocytochemical, and fluorescent dyes that are fixation tolerant or designed for fixed-cell labeling.

Cell Analysis, Cell Cycle, Cell Proliferation, Cell Viability, Proliferation and Function, Cellular Imaging, DNA Replication and Repair, High-Content Screening (HCS)

Order Info

Shipping Condition: Room temperature

Specifications

• Color: Green
• Content And Storage: The kit contains sufficient material for 2 96-well plates. Store at 2–6°C, dessicate and protect from light.
• Detection Method: Fluorescence
• For Use With (Application): High-content Screening (HCS)
• For Use With (Equipment): High Content Analysis Instrument
• Product Type: HCS Assay
• Dye Type: Alexa Fluor™ 488
• Emission: Visible
• Format: 96-well plate
• Product Line: Alexa Fluor, Click-iT, Molecular Probes
• Quantity: 2 x 96 well plates
• Shipping Condition: Room Temperature

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What are the main characteristics of a Click-iT reaction?

Click reactions have several general characteristics: the reaction is efficient, no extreme temperatures or solvents are required, the reaction is complete within 30 minutes, the components of the reaction are bio-inert, and perhaps most importantly, no side reactions occur-the label and detection tags react selectively and specifically with one another. This final point is a key advantage of this powerful detection technique; it is possible to apply click chemistry-labeled molecules to complex biological samples and detect them with unprecedented sensitivity due to the extremely low background of the reaction.

I will be performing a cell proliferation assay using Click-iT EdU kit. At what point can I stop overnight, or do I have to perform all the steps continuously?

One may store the sample after fixation overnight in PBS at 4^oC. For longer storage (<1 week) , store in buffer with 1-2% formaldehyde or in formalin to limit microbial growth. If you use sodium azide as a microbial inhibitor, it must be completely removed prior to the Click-iT reaction.

A control for a Click-iT EdU labeling experiment uses no EdU and the Click-iT reaction using Alexa Fluor 594 azide. The mouse heart tissue sections are showing non-specific labeling in red, seen in particular clusters of cells. They don't overlap with DAPI. What is the problem?

The problem is likely not the Alexa Fluor 594 azide. Since there are no alkynes endogenous to mouse tissue, there is nothing for the dye-azide to bind to. Since the background doesn't overlap with nuclei (DAPI signal), this isn't an issue of unintended EdU labeling. This red is autofluorescence from red blood cells; they autofluoresce in the red and don't have nuclei. This can be confirmed by checking a completely unlabeled tissue section (no dye present at all) to see if they are still present and by examining the cells at high magnification and looking for corpuscular shape.

Are the Alexa Fluor azides from Click-iT EdU kits available separately?

Yes, but the standalone products are not shipped at the same amount as provided in the Click-iT EdU kits; the amount of dye-azide provided in the Click-iT kits is proprietary information. See these catalog numbers for the stand alone products:
- Cat. No. A10266: Alexa Fluor 488 azide
- Cat. No. A10270: Alexa Fluor 594 azide
- Cat. No. A10277: Alexa Fluor 647 azide

I am observing no signal or very low specific signal for my click-labeled samples. What can I do to improve the signal?

The click reaction is only effective when copper is in the appropriate valency. Azides and alkynes will not react with each other without copper. Make sure that the click reaction mixture is used immediately after preparation when the copper (II) concentration is at its highest.
Do not use additive buffer that has turned yellow; it must be colorless to be active.
Cells need to be adequately fixed and permeabilized for the TdT enzyme and click reagents to have access to the nucleus. Tissue samples require digestion with proteinase K or other proteolytic enzymes for sufficient TdT access.
Some reagents can bind copper and reduce its effective concentration available to catalyze the click reaction. Do not include any metal chelator (e.g., EDTA, EGTA, citrate, etc.) in any buffer or reagent prior to the click reaction. Avoid buffers or reagents that include other metal ions that may be o xidized or reduced. It may be help to include extra wash steps on the cell or tissue sample before performing the click reaction.
You can repeat the click reaction with fresh reagents to try to improve signal. Increasing the click reaction time longer than 30 minutes will not improve a low signal. Performing a second, 30 minute incubation with fresh click reaction reagents is more effective at improving labeling.
Your cells may not be apoptotic. Prepare a DNase I-treated positive control to verify that the TdT enzymatic reaction and click labeling reaction are working correctly.

I am observing high non-specific background when I image my Click-iT EdU TUNEL-labeled samples. What is causing this and what can I do to reduce the background?

The click reaction is very selective between an azide and alkyne. No other side reactions are possible in a biological system. Any non-specific background is due to non-covalent binding of the dye to various cellular components. The Select FX Signal Enhancer is not effective at reducing non-specific charge-based binding of dyes following the click reaction; we do not recommend its use with the Click-iT detection reagents. The best method to reduce background is to increase the number of BSA washes. You should always do a no-dye or no-click reaction control under the same processing and detection conditions to verify that the background is actually due to the dye and not autofluorescence. You should also perform the complete click reaction on a no-TdT enzyme control sample to verify the specificity of the click reaction signal.

I notice that when I post-stain my cells with DAPI after performing the click reaction to detect EdU incorporation, my DAPI signal is lower compared to my no-click reaction control samples. What causes the reduction in DAPI signal?

The copper in the click reaction denatures DNA to a small extent (although not as much as is required for efficient BrdU detection), which can affect the binding affinity of DNA dyes including DAPI and Hoechst stain. This effect should only be apparent with the classic EdU kits and not the Click-iT Plus EdU kits, which use a lower copper concentration.

I am observing no signal or very low signal for my click-labeled samples. What can I do to improve the signal?

The click reaction is only effective when copper is in the appropriate valency. Except for the DIBO alkyne-azide reaction, azides and alkynes will not react with each other without copper. Make sure that the click reaction mixture is used immediately after preparation when the copper (II) concentration is at its highest.
Do not use additive buffer that has turned yellow; it must be colorless to be active.
Cells need to be adequately fixed and permeabilized for the click reagents to have access to intracellular components that have incorporated the click substrate(s).
Some reagents can bind copper and reduce its effective concentration available to catalyze the click reaction. Do not include any metal chelator (e.g., EDTA, EGTA, citrate, etc.) in any buffer or reagent prior to the click reaction. Avoid buffers or reagents that include other metal ions that may be oxidized or reduced. It may be help to include extra wash steps on the cell or tissue sample before performing the click reaction.
You can repeat the click reaction with fresh reagents to try to improve signal. Increasing the click reaction time longer than 30 minutes will not improve a low signal. Performing a second, 30 minute incubation with fresh click reaction reagents is more effective at improving labeling.
Low signal can also be due to low incorporation of EdU, EU, or other click substrates. Other click substrates (e.g., AHA, HPG, palmitic acid, azide, etc.) incorporated into cellular components may have been lost if not adequately cross-linked in place or if the wrong fixative was used. For click substrates that are incorporated into the membrane or lipids, you should avoid the use of alcohol or acetone fixatives and permeabilizing agents.
The incorporated click substrate must be accessible at the time of the click reaction; labeling of incorporated amino acid analogs may be lower in native proteins relative to denatured proteins.
You may need to optimize the metabolic labeling conditions including analog incubation time or concentration. Cells that are healthy, not too high of a passage number and not too crowded may incorporate the analog better. You may create a positive control by including extra doses of the click substrate during multiple time points during an incubation time that spans or closely spans the doubling time of the cell type of interest.

I am observing high background when I analyze my click-labeled samples. What is causing this and what can I do to reduce the background?

The click reaction is very selective between an azide and alkyne. No other side reactions are possible in a biological system. Any non-specific background is due to non-covalent binding of the dye to various cellular components. The Select FX Signal Enhancer is not effective at reducing non-specific charge-based binding of dyes following the click reaction; we do not recommend its use with the Click-iT detection reagents. The best method to reduce background is to increase the number of BSA washes. You should always do a no-dye or no-click reaction control under the same processing and detection conditions to verify that the background is actually due to the dye and not autofluorescence. You can also perform the complete click reaction on a carrier solvent-only, no EdU or no-EU control to verify the specificity of the click reaction signal.

Can I perform Click-iT EdU detection on live cells?

No, the EdU metabolic labeling reagent must be used on live cells, but the actual click detection reaction must be performed on fixed and permeabilized samples, as the azide detection reagents and buffer components are cell impermeant.

Can I combine Click-iT EdU labeling with EdU TUNEL labeling so that I can detect proliferation and apoptosis in the same sample?

It is possible, but if you have not completely labeled all of the metabolically incorporated EdU in the first click reaction, then it will be labeled in the second click reaction for TUNEL labeling, leading to false positives for apoptotic cells. It would be simpler to combine Click-iT EdU labeling with BrdU TUNEL labeling, as BrdU detection will not cross-react with EdU labeled cells. If you really wish to perform a double EdU labeling for both proliferation and apoptosis detection, then you should repeat the click reaction to detect the metabolically incorporated EdU using fresh click reagents to ensure that all of the incorporated EdU is labeled before performing the EdU TUNEL assay. You should then perform a control no-TdT enzyme EdU TUNEL assay to verify that there is no signal generated with the TUNEL click reaction.

Can I combine EdU and BrdU labeling and detection on the same sample?

Yes, EdU and BrdU labeling can be combined for dual-pulse labeling of cell proliferation in cultured cells and in vivo. BrdU will be preferentially incorporated into DNA, so perform the EdU incubation first followed by the BrdU incubation. Removal of EdU from the media is not required in cultured cells when BrdU is added as the second label. Perform an alcohol fixation followed by some method of DNA denaturation as required for the BrdU detection protocol and then perform the click labeling reaction for detection of EdU followed by antibody labeling for detection of BrdU. Be sure to select a BrdU antibody that does not have cross-reactivity to EdU, such as our MoBU-1 clone (Cat. No. B35141). Many BrdU antibodies have been shown to have some amount of cross-reactivity with incorporated EdU. Here is a link (http://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/references/protocols/cell-and-tissue-analysis/flow-cytometry-protocol/cell-proliferation/dual-pulse-labeling-of-cell-proliferation-using-edu-and-brdu-incorporation.html) to an example protocol for dual-pulse labeling using EdU and BrdU.

Can I perform Click-iT EdU detection on cells growing in 3D culture?

We have not validated the use of EdU for proliferation in 3D culture systems, but as this reagent is compatible for labeling cells in vivo, it is also expected to label cells in 3D culture systems. There are a number of reports in the literature that use this product in 3D culture systems; here are some citations:

Lei Y, Schaffer DV (2013) A fully defined and scalable 3D culture system for human pluripotent stem cell expansion and differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:E5039-E5048.
Derda R, Laromaine A, Mammoto A et al. (2009) Paper-supported 3D cell culture for tissue-based bioassays. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106:18457-18462.
Robertson FM, Ogasawara MA, Ye Z et al. (2010) Imaging and Analysis of 3D Tumor Spheroids Enriched for a Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype. J Biomol Screen 15:820-829.

I am collecting samples over time and would like to perform the Click-iT detection reaction on all the samples at the same time. Are there stopping points in the protocol, so that I do not have to perform the entire detection procedure in the same day?

Yes, you can store samples after fixing in formaldehyde and washing, before the permeabilization step. Just keep the cells in PBS, cover and seal the container well, and store at 4 degrees C. The cells should be fine for at least a week. You can also store the samples after the click reaction and wash steps and then perform any immunostaining and nuclear counterstaining on the following day.

Can I substitute reagents from the Click-iT Plus kits into the original Click-iT kits or vice versa?

No, the detection reagent and reagents necessary to perform the click reaction cannot be intermixed between the Click-iT Plus and original Click-iT kits. The Click-iT Plus assay uses a modified picolyl azide dye and reduced copper concentration combined with a special copper protectant that localizes the copper at the click reaction, while the original Click-iT kits use an unmodified azide dye and higher copper concentrations to perform the click reaction.

What is the difference between the Click-iT Plus and the original Click-iT assay kits?

The Click-iT Plus assay uses a modified picolyl azide dye and reduced copper concentration combined with a special copper protectant that localizes the copper at the incorporated alkyne group and thus minimizes copper damage to biomolecules. The original Click-iT kits use an unmodified azide dye and higher copper concentrations to perform the click reaction, which may inactivate enzymes, including HRP, and will quench the fluorescence of GFP, RFP, mCherry and other fluorescent proteins, as well as R-phycoerythrin. If you do not wish to modify your antibody staining protocol or have fluorescent protein-expressing cells, then use the Click-iT Plus kits.

What are the advantages of flow cytometry?

-Measures data from single cells.
-Data are obtained for a large number of cells, generating a rich statistical analysis of cell populations.
-Because single cells are measured, it will reveal heterogeneity within a population.
-With the ability to multiplex, small sub-populations can be identified.
-Thousands of cells can be analyzed rapidly.
-It is ideally suited for blood samples and other cells in suspension.
-Data can be re-analyzed multiple times after acquisition.
-Flow cytometry files (FCS) can be archived.

What kinds of applications can I run on a flow cytometer?

There are several applications, some of which include immunophenotyping, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis assays such as annexin V staining, CellEvent Caspase-3/7 assay, and TUNEL assay, cell viability, proliferation assays such as CellTrace assay and Click-iT EdU assay, measurements of mitochondrial potential with MitoProbe assays, and cell counting using counting beads.

Can any type of cell incorporate EdU?

No. The cell must possess a pyrimidine salvage pathway—without this pathway, EdU does not become phosphorylated to allow incorporation into replicating DNA.

In the Click-iT EdU kits, why is 1% or 3% BSA included in the PBS wash buffers after fixation?

In the wash step after fixation, BSA quenches any unreacted formaldehyde.

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.