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Invitrogen™ Di-4-ANEPPDHQ
Description
Molecules that fluoresce in response to electrical potential changes in their environment
ANEP dyes are molecules that fluoresce in response to electrical potential changes in their environment. These are fast-response probes that operate by means of a change in their electronic structure, and consequently their fluorescence properties, in response to a change in the surrounding electric field. Their optical response is sufficiently fast to detect transient (millisecond) potential changes in excitable cells, including single neurons, cardiac cells, and intact brains. However, the magnitude of their potential-dependent fluorescence change is often small; fast-response probes typically show a 2-10% fluorescence change per 100 mV. Furthermore, these dyes display a potential-dependent shift in their excitation spectra, thus permitting the quantitation of membrane potential using excitation ratio measurements.
Potential-Sensitive ANEP Dye Specifications:
- Cationic molecule; exhibits very low internalization and good signal:noise ratio and is useful for visualizing cholesterol-enriched lipid domains in model membranes
- Ex/Em maxima bound to model phospholipid membranes are ∼465/635 nm (but spectral properties are highly dependent on environment)
- Nonfluorescent until bound to membranes
- Soluble in ethanol, DMSO, and DMF (di-2-ANEPEQ (Cat. No. D6923) is a water-soluble ANEP dye)
- Dye is introduced into cells by direct addition of stock solution to cell culture medium, by using Pluronic™ F-127 (Cat. No. P6866), or by retrograde labeling
- Fast-response probe, suitable for detecting submillisecond membrane potential changes
Applications for Potentiometric Probes
The plasma membrane of a cell typically has a transmembrane potential of approximately -70 mV (negative inside) as a consequence of K+, Na+, and Cl- concentration gradients that are maintained by active transport processes. Potentiometric probes offer an indirect method of detecting the translocation of these ions.
Increases and decreases in membrane potential-referred to as membrane hyperpolarization and depolarization, respectively-play a central role in many physiological processes, including nerve-impulse propagation, muscle contraction, cell signaling and ion-channel gating. Potentiometric probes are important tools for studying these processes.
Find More ANEP Dyes
We offer ANEP dyes in various forms. Review Fast-Response Probes-Section 22.2 in the Molecular Probes™ Handbook for more information on these probes.
For Research Use Only. Not for human or animal therapeutic or diagnostic use.
Order Info
Shipping Condition: Room temperature
Specifications
Specifications
| Color | Infrared |
| Content And Storage | Store in freezer -5°C to -30°C and protect from light. |
| Detection Method | Fluorescence |
| For Use With (Application) | Potential Changes |
| For Use With (Equipment) | Fluorescence Microscope |
| Product Type | ANEP Dye |
| Dye Type | ANEP |
| Quantity | 1 mg |
| Shipping Condition | Room Temperature |
| Sub Cellular Localization | Cytoplasm & Cytosol |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
If you use our FluoVolt Membrane Potential Kit (Cat. No. F10488), the kit provides a background suppressor to reduce this problem. For other indicators, consider the use of BackDrop Background Suppressor (Cat no. R37603, B10511, and B10512).
Molecules that change their structure in response to the surrounding electric field can function as fast-response probes for the detection of transient (millisecond) potential changes. Slow-response dyes function by entering depolarized cells and binding to proteins or membranes. Increased depolarization results in additional dye influx and an increase in fluorescence, while hyperpolarization is indicated by a decrease in fluorescence. Fast-response probes are commonly used to image electrical activity from intact heart tissues or measure membrane potential changes in response to pharmacological stimuli. Slow-responding probes are often used to explore mitochondrial function and cell viability.
A membrane potential indicator selection guide can be found here (https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/life-science/cell-analysis/cell-viability-and-regulation/ion-indicators/membrane-potential-indicators.html).
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.
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