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Maleic acid is a water-soluble, organic dicarboxylic acid and the cis-isomer of butenedioic acid. It can be converted to fumaric acid via isomerization. Salts, esters, and anions of maleic acid can be used in biochemical reactions and pharmaceutical drugs.
Maleic acid (MA) is a dicarboxylic acid that undergoes esterification with ethanol in the presence of cation-exchange resin catalysts to form diethyl maleate. Its crystalline structure has been analyzed. Reaction kinetics and mechanism of the isomerization of maleic acid to fumaric acid in the presence of ceric and bromide ions has been investigated. The reaction mechanism and reactivity ratios for the radical copolymerization of maleic acid with styrene have been determined.
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