Withangulatin A is an inhibitor for COX-2 that demonstrates antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and trypanocidal activities. It inhibits MAPK, NF-κB, Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway, and various cellular processes in vitro and in vivo.
- Inhibits proliferation of mouse T lymphocytes with an EC50 of 2.89 μM
- Reduces LPS-induced secretion of IL-2, IFN-γ, and IL-6
- Suppresses expression of COX-2 and PGE2 in mouse T lymphocytes
- Arrests cell cycle at S phase and induces apoptosis in LX-2 cells
- Inhibits TGF-β-stimulated collagen I gene expression and phosphorylation of Smad2/3
- Binds to peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) and inhibits GPx and iPLA2 activities
- Promotes generation of ROS
- Exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in mouse xylene-induced ear swelling models
- Shows antitumor effect in mouse H1975 xenograft models