Sterile and nonsterile gowns, frocks, and smocks can be used as personal protective equipment (PPE) for non-hazardous liquid splash and exposure to particulates, including microorganisms. These apparel types are similar in function but differ somewhat in appearance and use.

Smocks are usually short and fasten in the front or wrap around and tie at the waist. They have bound necks and elastic wrists and range in length from 36 to 39 inches. Smocks may have a chest pocket and lower pockets for convenience.

Frocks are usually longer than smocks, ranging from 41 to 57 inches. Frocks close in the front, typically with a zipper, and are styled in a more fitted or an A-line shape. Frocks may also have elastic wrists like smocks.

Gowns are collarless and often designed to be 'one-size-fits-most'. They can slip on over the head and have back ties to adjust the fit. Alternately, some gowns have closed fronts and an open back that can be tied or secured at the neck and the waist. Gown cuffs are typically made of knit material for comfort and fit.