A triterpene saponin with diverse biological activities; increases production of ROS, reduces colony formation, and induces apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant HNC cells; suppresses tumor growth in a cisplatin-resistant HNC mouse xenograft model at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg; reduces aortic atherosclerotic lesion area, serum cholesterol and LDL levels, and iNOS protein levels in a rat model of atherosclerosis; reduces ethanol-induced production of TNF-α, IL-6, and COX-2, ALDH2 mRNA expression, and liver damage in a rat model of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity at 50 mg/kg; induces autophagy and inhibits oligomerization of α-synuclein in a mouse model of MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease