Gallic acid (CAS 149-91-7) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound widely distributed in the plant kingdom with substantial levels identified in sources such as gallnuts grapes tea hops and oak bark It exerts biological effects primarily through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms including scavenging free radicals and modulating cellular oxidative stress pathways Gallic acid has been investigated for its capacity to inhibit enzymes involved in inflammation and carcinogenesis influencing cell proliferation and apoptosis in various in vitro models Due to these properties it serves as a valuable tool for studies on oxidative damage inflammation and cancer biology