Use monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) to activate signal transduction pathways that lead to monocyte transmigration (Sozzani et al. J Immunol, 1994). MCP-1, also known as CCL2, is primarily induced by platelet-derived growth factor gene (Cochran et al. Cell, 1983). MCP-1 plays a role in neurogenesis, neuroprotection, and neurotransmission and has implications in different neurological disorders (Conductier et al. J Neuroimmunol, 2010). MCP-1 is produced by a variety of cell types, including fibroblasts, endothelial, epithelial, monocytic, and microglial cells (Deshmane et al. J Interferon Cytokine Res, 2009). Human recombinant MCP-1 from STEMCELL comes lyophilized with ≥ 95% purity; specific activity EC50 ≤ 100 ng/mL; endotoxin levels verified ≤ 1 EU/μg protein. Alternative names: DIA, Differentiation-inducing factor, HILDA, Human interleukin in DA cells, Leukemia inhibitory factor, MCAF, Melanoma-derived LPL inhibitor, MLPLI, Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1.