Has potent cytotoxic and enterotoxic properties. Translocates to the cytosol of target cells and glucosylates small GTP-binding proteins such as Rho, Rac, and Cdc42. Induces actin condensation, cell death and opening of the tight junctions. Triggers release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from intestinal epithelial cells probably via activation of MAP kinases. Has potent cytotoxic and enterotoxic properties. Translocates to the cytosol of target cells and glucosylates small GTP-binding proteins such as Rho, Rac, and Cdc42. Induces actin condensation, cell death and opening of the tight junctions. Triggers release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from intestinal epithelial cells probably via activation of MAP kinases. Formulation: Lyophilized from 50mM TRIS, pH 7.5, containing 50mM sodium chloride and 0.1% trehalose. Source: Isolated from Clostridium difficile. Long Term Storage: +4°C.