A phenylethanoid glycoside; scavenges DPPH and ABTS radicals (IC50s = 10.9 and 19.9 µM), as well as inhibits the activity of PKCα (IC50 = 24.4 µM), in cell-free assays); reduces LPS-induced production of TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells from 12.5-100 µM; decreases glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in primary rat cortical neurons at 0.1, 1, or 10 µM