Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Apexbio Technology LLC Dronedarone 141626-36-0 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Dronedarone (CAS 141626-36-0) is a benzofuran derivative structurally related to amiodarone designed to manage cardiac arrhythmias It exerts its pharmacological effects primarily through multichannel blockade inhibiting sodium potassium and calcium ion currents and demonstrating anti-adrenergic properties By prolonging action potential duration and refractory periods dronedarone contributes to the stabilization and restoration of regular cardiac rhythm In biomedical research contexts dronedarone serves as a valuable tool for exploring arrhythmogenesis mechanisms and developing therapeutic approaches for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
Apexbio Technology LLC Gliclazide 21187-98-4 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Gliclazide (CAS 21187-98-4) is an oral hypoglycemic agent classified structurally as a sulfonylurea derivative It exerts its biological effects primarily by targeting pancreatic beta-cell sulfonylurea receptors (SUR1) stimulating insulin secretion through the closure of ATP-dependent potassium channels This channel inhibition induces cellular depolarization facilitating calcium influx and subsequent insulin exocytosis In a research context gliclazide is utilized extensively as a pharmacological tool to study pancreatic beta-cell function insulin secretion dynamics and diabetic pathophysiology
Apexbio Technology LLC Dofetilide 115256-11-6 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Dofetilide (CAS 115256-11-6) chemically designated as UK 68789 is a class III antiarrhythmic small molecule that selectively inhibits the rapid delayed rectifier potassium channel (IKr) This inhibition leads to prolonged ventricular action potential duration and extended effective refractory periods in cardiac cells Noted for favorable oral bioavailability Dofetilide is extensively utilized in cardiac electrophysiological research including studies aimed at elucidating arrhythmogenic mechanisms linked to IKr channel function assessing novel antiarrhythmic candidates and exploring physiological and pathological aspects of cardiac rhythm regulation
Apexbio Technology LLC Riluzole 1744-22-5 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Riluzole (CAS 1744-22-5) is a small molecule modulator of glutamatergic neurotransmission exhibiting multiple mechanisms of neuroprotection Its action primarily involves inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels modulation of high-voltage-activated calcium and potassium channels and interference with protein kinase C activity collectively mitigating neuronal excitotoxicity In cultured rat cortical neurons riluzole inhibits inward sodium currents with an IC50 of 51 M At submicromolar to micromolar concentrations riluzole enhances sodium-dependent glutamate uptake mediated by the GLAST GLT1 and EAAC1 transporters Owing to these properties riluzole is commonly utilized in neuroscience research on excitotoxicity neurodegeneration and related pathologies
Apexbio Technology LLC (+)-Bicuculline 485-49-4 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
( )-Bicuculline is a competitive antagonist of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA A) receptors frequently employed as a pharmacological tool to elucidate the functional roles of inhibitory neurotransmission mediated by GABA A By antagonizing GABA binding this compound prevents chloride ion influx leading to reductions in neuronal inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) Additionally ( )-Bicuculline blocks small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels affecting neuronal excitability and firing patterns It is commonly utilized in electrophysiological studies such as patch-clamp or extracellular recordings to investigate synaptic transmission neuroplasticity mechanisms and epileptic activity models ( )-Bicuculline inhibits GABA A receptors with an IC 50 typically reported in the low micromolar range (approximately 2 5 M)
Apexbio Technology LLC BAPTA-AM 126150-97-8 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
BAPTA-AM (CAS 126150-97-8) is a selective membrane-permeable calcium (Ca ) chelator widely utilized in biomedical research After entering cells intracellular esterases cleave BAPTA-AM releasing the active BAPTA which binds free Ca to modulate calcium-dependent cellular processes In human leukemia HL-60 and U937 cells BAPTA-AM induces apoptosis characterized by DNA fragmentation and reduced c-jun expression Additionally it inhibits voltage-gated and Ca -activated potassium currents in bovine chromaffin cells and blocks hERG Kv1 3 and Kv1 5 channels in HEK293 cells (IC 1 2 1 5 M) In mice models BAPTA-AM alters ethanol-induced behavioral responses and consumption highlighting its applicability in neuroscience and apoptosis research
Apexbio Technology LLC PD 151746 179461-52-0 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
PD 151746 is a cell-permeable inhibitor that selectively targets calpain a calcium-dependent cysteine protease involved in various cellular processes With a Ki value of 0 26 M against -calpain it prevents the proteolytic cleavage of substrates like neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-alpha (CaMPK-II) particularly under stress In neuronal models PD 151746 inhibits apoptosis induced by serum/potassium withdrawal reduces MEF2 phosphorylation suppresses cdk5/p25 complex formation and decreases caspase-3 activation In HepG2 hepatoma cells it disrupts insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis and affects protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (PTP2) expression PD 151746 is used in research to study calpain-related signaling pathways apoptosis cell motility and metabolism