Manual Thermometers
Mercury, non-mercury (liquid in glass), or bimetallic thermometers with analog displays, for general and application-specific use, with various temperature-range capacities and accuracies; may be traceable or certified to international standards.
In 1714, the mercury-in-glass thermometer was invented in Europe by physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit. Typically, the mercury is contained in a reservoir that opens to narrow glass tube. The distance that the mercury flows into the tube is dependent on the temperature to which the thermometer is subjected. The space above the mercury may be filled with air or an inert gas, or it may be a partial vacuum.
Thermometers are calibrated by exposing them to a known temperature and then marking the height of the mercury at that temperature. For example, one might calibrate to the freezing temperature of water (0°C or 32°F) by placing the thermometer in a mixture of ice and water. Then the thermometer could be submerged in boiling water to determine the point where the water changes from a liquid to a vapor (100°C or 212°F).
Mercury thermometers are still considered to be some of the most accurate temperature indicators. They can be used for a wide range of temperatures, from -37°C to 356°C (-35°F to 673°F). Modifications such as adding an inert gas above the mercury or replacing the glass with fused quartz can extend the upper temperature limit to as high as 800°C (1,470°F).
Mercury cannot be used below -38.83°C (-37.89°F), the temperature at which it becomes a solid. Moreover, nitrogen in the thermometer can flow down into the column and become trapped if the mercury solidifies, which makes the thermometer unusable. Use a thermometer that contains a mercury-thallium alloy for measuring lower meteorological temperatures – it will remain liquid to -61.1°C (-78.0°F).
Med Vet International Thermometer With Tee Adapter, Hud1637, Each
Clear housing with "easy read" red liquid column
Thermco Products Inc General lab Non-Hg thermometer, Spirit, -20 deg./150 deg.C & 0 deg./300 deg.F, 76mm imm
Spirit filled double scale thermometer, white back tubing, with toughened bulbs. Suspension ring for hanging, vertical numbering. Individual serial numbered. Packed in non-roll square tubing. Permanent markings.
Exergen Corporation Temporal Contact Thermometer ComfortScanner
The TemporalScanner Thermometer is a totally non-invasive system with advanced infrared technology providing maximum ease of use with quick, consistently accurate measurements. Advanced, patented technology measures temperatures with a gentle stroke across the forehead. It captures naturally emitted heat from the skin above the temporal artery, 1,000 times a second and then gives a reading of the most accurate temperature.
Thermco Products Inc Liquid in Glass Spirit Thermometer, -20/110C x 1.0C, 76mm Imm, Certified at 0, 50, 100C
NC0764701 SPIRIT THERM -20C/110 0-50-100
Andwin Scientific VWR FRIDGE/FREEZER THERMOMETER
The Refrigerator/Freezer Thermometer features single display, maximum/minimum temperature memory, high/low alarm, 1-30mm waterproof cable, magnetic back and ranges of 14-122 deg.F and-58 to 158 deg.F.
Cole-Parmer Digi-Sense Refrigerator Verification Thermometer; -5 to 15C
Accurately monitor temperatures in freezers, refrigerators, incubators, ovens, and other environments where stability is required. All thermometers are supplied in a glass bead filled unbreakable plastic bottle and can be removed from the bottle for recalibration. Use the magnetic attachment with pressure-sensitive backing to attach the bottle to a metal wall or door. Thermometers feature permanently fused markings, blue spirit liquid, white background glass; are also individually serial numbered. Include an statement of accuracy and a triangular-style antiroll fitting.