A selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (Kis = 5, 77, and 1,451 nM for norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine transporters, respectively); selective over other transporters, and a number of neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, second messengers, and brain/gut peptides; increases extracellular norepinephrine and dopamine by 3-fold in the PFC; reduces premature responding by rats in the 5CSRTT when administered at doses of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg; has neuroprotective effects in a gerbil model of transient cerebral ischemia