Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Apexbio Technology LLC Verapamil HCl 152-11-4 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Verapamil HCl (CAS 152-11-4) is a small molecule belonging to the phenylalkylamine class characterized by selective inhibition of L-type calcium channels By blocking calcium influx through voltage-dependent calcium channels verapamil modulates intracellular calcium signaling affecting smooth muscle contraction cardiac electrophysiology and neurotransmitter release It is frequently utilized in research to investigate calcium channel-related physiological processes cardiovascular function and cellular signaling mechanisms
Apexbio Technology LLC Nitrendipine 39562-70-4 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Nitrendipine (CAS number 39562-70-4) is a dihydropyridine derivative acting as a calcium channel antagonist that selectively inhibits L-type calcium channels By blocking calcium ion influx into vascular smooth muscle cells nitrendipine induces vasodilation and reduces peripheral vascular resistance thereby lowering arterial blood pressure Due to its vascular-selective calcium antagonism it serves as a pharmacological tool in cardiovascular research particularly for studying mechanisms of hypertension and calcium-dependent signaling pathways
Apexbio Technology LLC Nicardipine HCl 54527-84-3 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Nicardipine HCl (CAS 54527-84-3) is a dihydropyridine-derived small molecule that functions primarily as a calcium-channel blocker through inhibition of voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels This mechanism prevents calcium ion influx causing vasodilation and decreased vascular resistance Widely applied in vascular biology and pharmacological research nicardipine hydrochloride serves as a useful tool to explore calcium-dependent processes cardiovascular pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies targeting calcium-mediated vascular conditions
Apexbio Technology LLC Nisoldipine 63675-72-9 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Nisoldipine (CAS 63675-72-9) is a dihydropyridine-based calcium channel blocker selective for the voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel Cav1 2 It inhibits Cav1 2-mediated calcium influx with an IC50 of approximately 10 nM By modulating calcium entry nisoldipine is frequently utilized in cardiovascular research to study vascular smooth muscle contraction calcium signaling pathways and cardiovascular pharmacology Its selective blockade helps elucidate the functional importance of Cav1 2 channels under physiological and pathological conditions
Apexbio Technology LLC Tetracaine HCl 136-47-0 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Tetracaine hydrochloride (CAS 136-47-0) is a small molecule local anesthetic commonly used in biomedical research It acts through allosteric modulation of ion channel function specifically inhibiting calcium channels and effectively suppressing voltage-dependent calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum Due to its ability to regulate calcium channel activity tetracaine HCl serves as an important investigative tool in studies exploring calcium signaling pathways muscle physiology and neuronal excitability
Apexbio Technology LLC Thioridazine HCl 130-61-0 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Thioridazine HCl is a pharmacological inhibitor targeting dopamine receptor subtypes D2 and D4 as well as a calcium channel blocker It modulates dopaminergic neurotransmission by interfering with receptor-mediated signaling and reduces intracellular calcium influx via calcium channel inhibition (IC50 approximately 1 0 M) Thioridazine is frequently utilized in research contexts involving dopaminergic signaling pathways calcium-related cellular processes and investigations of pharmacological sensitivity shifts following prolonged receptor modulation Specifically it is employed experimentally to examine receptor-mediated cardiovascular responses such as hypotension and to assess alterations in dopamine receptor responsiveness induced by chronic exposure regimens
Apexbio Technology LLC Alfacalcidol 41294-56-8 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Alfacalcidol is a vitamin D analog functioning as an inhibitor of bone resorption through modulation of calcium homeostasis By binding specifically to vitamin D receptors (VDR) located in calcium-regulating tissues such as intestine bone kidney and parathyroid glands Alfacalcidol contributes to mineral metabolism and bone turnover regulation Preclinical studies using ovariectomized animal models demonstrate that Alfacalcidol at pharmacological doses not inducing hypercalcemia suppresses osteoclast-mediated bone resorption while preserving calcium balance in plasma and urine Due to these properties Alfacalcidol is frequently utilized in biomedical research to investigate mechanisms involved in osteoporosis progression and potential therapeutic interventions addressing calcium and bone metabolism disorders
Apexbio Technology LLC SEA0400 223104-29-8 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
SEA0400 (CAS 223104-29-8) is a selective inhibitor of the sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) an antiporter responsible for cellular calcium homeostasis by facilitating sodium-calcium ion exchange across membranes SEA0400 inhibits NCX activity at nanomolar concentrations (IC50 between 5-33 nM in neuronal and glial cell cultures) with substantially higher potency than KB-R7943 By blocking reverse-mode NCX function during reperfusion scenarios SEA0400 reduces pathological intracellular calcium influx and downstream pro-inflammatory mediator production It has demonstrated neuroprotective effects by reducing infarction volumes in rodent cerebral ischemia models as well as anti-arrhythmic properties in myocardial infarction models
Apexbio Technology LLC Levosimendan 141505-33-1 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Levosimendan (CAS 141505-33-1) is a small molecule calcium sensitizer that exerts its pharmacological action by binding selectively and in a calcium-dependent manner to cardiac troponin C (cTnC) Through this interaction levosimendan facilitates cardiac muscle contraction without significantly increasing intracellular calcium concentrations Research indicates utility in heart failure treatment where improved myocardial contractility is therapeutically desirable Currently levosimendan is evaluated extensively in Phase 4 clinical studies to explore its efficacy and therapeutic profile
Apexbio Technology LLC Calcifediol 19356-17-3 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Calcifediol also termed calcidiol is a hydroxylated vitamin D3 metabolite and the primary circulating form of vitamin D3 in humans Functioning as a prehormone it undergoes further hydroxylation to calcitriol which activates vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling pathways In vitro assays indicate that calcifediol induces CYP24A1 expression (EC50 70 nM) and thrombomodulin expression at concentrations between 10-100 nM Calcifediol dose-dependently promotes nuclear translocation of VDR at concentrations from 0 1 to 10 M in cultured cells In vivo experiments demonstrated that calcifediol administration influences calcium binding protein expression and calcium transport Clinically calcifediol administration rapidly elevates circulating 25(OH)D3 concentrations facilitating precise modulation of vitamin D status Therefore calcifediol is utilized in biomedical research related to vitamin D metabolism calcium homeostasis and VDR-associated pathways
Apexbio Technology LLC MDL 28170 88191-84-8 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
MDL 28170 (CAS 88191-84-8) is a selective inhibitor of calpain and cathepsin B with Ki values of approximately 10 nM and 25 nM respectively It acts by directly blocking the catalytic site of these cysteine proteases without inhibiting serine proteases MDL 28170 readily penetrates the blood-brain barrier inhibiting protease activity in brain tissue and mitigating ischemia-induced neurological damage in animal models The compound reduces muscle fiber sensitivity to calcium influx post-ischemia and limits myocardial injury caused by calcium overload It also exhibits antiparasitic activity in vitro significantly lowering Trypanosoma cruzi survival in infected macrophages MDL 28170 is used in biomedical research to study protease-related pathology ischemic injury and parasite-host interactions
Apexbio Technology LLC BAPTA-AM 126150-97-8 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
BAPTA-AM (CAS 126150-97-8) is a selective membrane-permeable calcium (Ca ) chelator widely utilized in biomedical research After entering cells intracellular esterases cleave BAPTA-AM releasing the active BAPTA which binds free Ca to modulate calcium-dependent cellular processes In human leukemia HL-60 and U937 cells BAPTA-AM induces apoptosis characterized by DNA fragmentation and reduced c-jun expression Additionally it inhibits voltage-gated and Ca -activated potassium currents in bovine chromaffin cells and blocks hERG Kv1 3 and Kv1 5 channels in HEK293 cells (IC 1 2 1 5 M) In mice models BAPTA-AM alters ethanol-induced behavioral responses and consumption highlighting its applicability in neuroscience and apoptosis research
Apexbio Technology LLC KN-93 139298-40-1 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
KN-93 (CAS 139298-40-1) is a selective inhibitor of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) a serine/threonine kinase activated by calcium-bound calmodulin KN-93 inhibits CaMKII enzymatic activity with reported IC50 values of approximately 0 37 0 5 M in vitro and a Ki value of 2 58 M against cardiac CaMKII In NIH 3T3 cells KN-93 (12 M) induces G1 cell-cycle arrest and at higher concentrations (24 M) promotes apoptosis Due to CaMKII s role in neuronal function cardiac signaling immune activation and disease states including Alzheimer s and arrhythmias KN-93 serves as a tool compound for studying CaMKII-mediated processes in biomedical research
Apexbio Technology LLC Cinobufagin 470-37-1 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Cinobufagin (CAS 470-37-1) is a steroidal cardiac glycoside recognized for its inhibitory effect on the Na /K -ATPase pump Its inhibitory potency is approximately comparable to that of ouabain By impeding Na /K -ATPase activity cinobufagin disrupts ionic gradients altering intracellular calcium homeostasis and influencing cardiac and cellular functions In biomedical research cinobufagin serves as a valuable pharmacological tool to investigate ion transport mechanisms and explore related signaling pathways implicated in cellular physiology and pathology
Apexbio Technology LLC Gliclazide 21187-98-4 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Gliclazide (CAS 21187-98-4) is an oral hypoglycemic agent classified structurally as a sulfonylurea derivative It exerts its biological effects primarily by targeting pancreatic beta-cell sulfonylurea receptors (SUR1) stimulating insulin secretion through the closure of ATP-dependent potassium channels This channel inhibition induces cellular depolarization facilitating calcium influx and subsequent insulin exocytosis In a research context gliclazide is utilized extensively as a pharmacological tool to study pancreatic beta-cell function insulin secretion dynamics and diabetic pathophysiology