A brain-penetrant CSF1R inhibitor (IC50 = 0.016 µM); selective for CSF1R over FLT3, Kit, Aurora C, and VEGFR2 (IC50s = 0.39, 0.86, 1, and 1.1 µM, respectively); greater than 100-fold selective for CSF1R over a panel of 230 kinases; reduces the number of Iba-1+ cells in the spinal cord dorsal horn in a mouse model of neuropathic pain induced by partial ligation of the sciatic nerve at 65 mg/kg; decreases macrophage levels of TNF-α and IL-1β and infiltration in the sciatic nerve and alleviates mechanical and cold allodynia in the same model; decreases the number of hippocampal microglia by 90%, as well as reduces the number and volume of retrosplenial and somatosensory cortical Aβ plaques in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease at 1,200 ppm in the chow