Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Apexbio Technology LLC Ulipristal 159811-51-5 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Ulipristal is a selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM) exhibiting tissue-specific agonist and antagonist activities on progesterone-sensitive targets It functions through competitively binding to the progesterone receptor thereby modulating downstream cellular and physiological responses Ulipristal has been explored in biomedical research primarily for emergency contraception administered within 120 hours following unprotected intercourse Additionally ulipristal demonstrates potential utility in managing benign gynecological disorders such as uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) by mediating apoptosis in myomatous cells and controlling cellular proliferation In vitro studies indicate that ulipristal acetate inhibits progesterone-stimulated acrosome reactions and hyperactivation of human spermatozoa highlighting its potential receptor-mediated modulation of sperm functions
Apexbio Technology LLC Simvastatin (Zocor) 79902-63-9 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Simvastatin (CAS 79902-63-9) marketed as Zocor is a synthetic lactone derived from fermented Aspergillus terreus metabolites Following oral administration the inactive lactone is hydrolyzed into an active -hydroxy acid metabolite which specifically inhibits HMG-CoA reductase the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis Simvastatin demonstrates antiproliferative effects in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2 Huh7) inducing apoptosis cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 reducing expression of cyclins (D1 E) and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK1 2 4) while elevating CDK inhibitors p19 and p27 It is therefore utilized extensively for research in cancer biology cardiovascular pathology and lipid metabolism disorders
Apexbio Technology LLC Cyclo (-RGDfK) 161552-03-0 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Cyclo(-RGDfK) is a cyclic pentapeptide that functions as an inhibitor targeting the integrin v 3 Integrins are transmembrane receptors mediating cell adhesion by recognizing specific peptide sequences notably the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif Integrin v 3 is involved in cell adhesion processes such as angiogenesis tissue remodeling and tumor development and is abundantly expressed on activated endothelial cells and various tumor cells Cyclo(-RGDfK) specifically binds integrin v 3 disrupting integrin-mediated cell attachment Consequently it is frequently utilized in bioengineering applications to modify biomaterial surfaces for enhanced cellular adherence and integration Additionally cyclo(-RGDfK) serves as a targeting ligand in imaging probes aimed at localizing integrin-positive tissues in cancer research
Apexbio Technology LLC Lovastatin 75330-75-5 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Lovastatin (CAS 75330-75-5) is an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) a rate-controlling enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis that mediates conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate In vitro assays show that lovastatin inhibits HMG-CoA reductase activity with IC50 values of 2 3 nmol/L in rat hepatocytes and 5 nmol/L in human hepatoma HepG2 cells By decreasing mevalonate and subsequent isoprenoid intermediates lovastatin reduces cellular proliferation and DNA synthesis It also enhances macrophage-mediated clearance of apoptotic cells at concentrations around 5 M Lovastatin serves as a useful tool in studies investigating lipid metabolism cellular proliferation pathways and related inflammatory processes
Apexbio Technology LLC LY2109761 700874-71-1 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
LY2109761 (CAS 700874-71-1) is a selective small-molecule inhibitor targeting type I and type II transforming growth factor-beta (TGF- ) receptors (T RI/II) with Ki values of 38 nM and 300 nM respectively Acting through ATP-binding site competition in the TGF- receptor I kinase domain (IC50 69 nM) LY2109761 inhibits downstream signaling pathways implicated in tumor development and metastasis In preclinical studies LY2109761 reduced proliferation migration invasion and promoted apoptosis across various cancer cell types including pancreatic carcinoma glioblastoma and myelomonocytic leukemia It also lowered radiotherapy-induced pulmonary fibrosis in animal models illustrating its broad research utility
Apexbio Technology LLC SW033291 459147-39-8 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
SW033291 (CAS 459147-39-8) is a small molecule inhibitor targeting the prostaglandin-degrading enzyme 15-PGDH It inhibits 15-PGDH activity non-competitively displaying potent inhibition with an IC50 of 1 5 nM and an apparent dissociation constant (Ki app) of approximately 0 1 nM Cellular assays in A549 cells demonstrate that SW033291 elevates prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels (EC50 75 nM) In vivo administration of SW033291 in mice significantly elevates tissue PGE2 concentrations stimulates hematopoietic cytokine expression expands hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations and promotes neutrophil expansion Thus SW033291 represents a research tool for studying PGE2-related pathways in tissue regeneration and hematopoiesis
Apexbio Technology LLC THZ2 1604810-84-5 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
THZ2 (CAS 1604810-84-5) is a selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) demonstrating an IC50 of 13 9 nM CDK7 a serine/threonine kinase bound and activated by cyclins regulates cell cycle progression and transcriptional control through phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell models THZ2 reduces cellular proliferation induces apoptotic cell death without affecting cell-cycle distribution and inhibits colony formation at low-nanomolar concentrations (IC50 10 nM) In xenograft mouse models THZ2 suppresses tumor growth without noticeable toxicity Thus THZ2 is useful in research investigating CDK7-mediated oncogenic mechanisms in cancer
Apexbio Technology LLC Bexarotene 153559-49-0 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Bexarotene is a synthetic selective agonist for retinoid X receptors (RXRs) a subclass of nuclear hormone receptors involved in the regulation of gene transcription Upon binding to RXRs Bexarotene modulates the expression of target genes associated with cell differentiation proliferation and apoptosis Due to this mechanism Bexarotene is commonly employed in research investigating tumor growth inhibition cellular differentiation pathways and apoptosis induction Researchers also frequently utilize this retinoid derivative to elucidate RXR-mediated signaling pathways in oncology and to explore potential therapeutic applications for various malignancies
Apexbio Technology LLC Flucytosine 2022-85-7 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Flucytosine also known as 5-Fluorocytosine (5-FC) is a fluorinated pyrimidine analogue with antifungal properties It exerts its biological activity by penetrating fungal cells and undergoing intracellular conversion into 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) via cytosine deaminase Subsequently 5-FU metabolites inhibit nucleic acid synthesis interfering with fungal RNA and DNA synthesis pathways thus blocking cellular proliferation In laboratory experiments Flucytosine is commonly utilized for antifungal susceptibility assays fungal growth inhibition studies as well as research into antifungal resistance mechanisms The typical reported in vitro antifungal activity displays IC50 values ranging from approximately 0 12 to 8 g/mL depending on fungal species and experimental conditions
Apexbio Technology LLC Carbadox 6804-07-5 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Carbadox is an antibiotic compound employed in bacterial infection research primarily targeting pathogenic organisms associated with gastrointestinal infections in swine including swine dysentery Its antibacterial mechanism involves inhibition of bacterial DNA synthesis and disruption of nucleic acid metabolism thereby interfering with pathogen replication Carbadox is frequently utilized in microbiology studies investigating therapeutic interventions against enteric bacterial pathogens under controlled laboratory conditions In vitro studies report Carbadox demonstrating bacteriostatic activity with IC50 values typically ranging between 0 5 2 g/mL for common susceptible bacterial strains serving as a reference substance in microbial sensitivity assays
Apexbio Technology LLC Sulfamethazine 57-68-1 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Sulfamethazine (Sulfadimidine) is a sulfonamide antimicrobial agent that exerts antibacterial activity by competitively inhibiting bacterial dihydropteroate synthase an enzyme crucial for the synthesis of folic acid in bacteria Through this enzyme inhibition sulfamethazine disrupts bacterial folate metabolism impairing bacterial DNA and protein synthesis pathways In biomedical research this compound is commonly employed as an investigative tool for studying bacterial infections particularly in animal models representing respiratory and gastrointestinal infections attributed to susceptible bacterial strains In vitro studies report IC50 values for bacterial dihydropteroate synthase inhibition typically ranging from 5 to 50 M depending on experimental conditions and bacterial species tested Additionally sulfamethazine serves as a reference compound in research examining antimicrobial resistance and pharmacokinetic parameters
Apexbio Technology LLC Etodolac 41340-25-4 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Etodolac (CAS 41340-25-4) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor belonging to the class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) It exhibits inhibitory activity against COX-2 with an IC50 of 53 5 nM Etodolac is commonly utilized for research involving inflammatory conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis In isolated rabbit articular chondrocytes stimulated with TNF Etodolac prevented apoptotic cell shrinkage and suppressed caspase-3/7 activation Conversely in human malignant rhabdoid tumor cells (FRTK-1) Etodolac induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner increasing activities of caspase-3 -8 and -9
Apexbio Technology LLC DMOG 89464-63-1 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
DMOG (Dimethyloxalylglycine CAS 89464-63-1) is a small molecule inhibitor of prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes thereby modulating the stability of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) PHD inhibition by DMOG prevents HIF-1 prolyl hydroxylation and subsequent degradation stabilizing HIF-1 protein even under normoxic conditions (0 1 1 mmol/L in vitro) Additionally DMOG treatment suppresses NF- B signaling during LPS-induced inflammatory responses in animal models improving survival rates and enhancing IL-10 expression predominantly in peritoneal B-1 cells Thus DMOG serves as a valuable research tool to explore hypoxia signaling pathways and inflammatory responses
Apexbio Technology LLC Tie2 kinase inhibitor 948557-43-5 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Tie2 kinase inhibitor (CAS 948557-43-5) is a selective and reversible small-molecule inhibitor targeting the Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase a critical modulator of endothelial cell survival angiogenesis and vascular integrity By inhibiting Tie2 autophosphorylation this compound disrupts subsequent signaling pathways involved in endothelial maturation and tumor-associated angiogenesis In vitro studies demonstrate potent inhibition of Tie2 kinase activity (IC50 0 25 M) with substantial selectivity over other kinases including p38 In vivo treatment reduces angiogenesis and tumor progression in murine xenograft tumor models This inhibitor is thus relevant for research examining angiogenic mechanisms and cancer progression
Apexbio Technology LLC Methotrexate 59-05-2 10mM (in 1mL DMSO)
Methotrexate is a folate antagonist commonly utilized in biomedical research due to its inhibitory action on dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) a critical enzyme in folate metabolism This inhibition disrupts nucleotide synthesis thereby interfering with cell proliferation Upon cell uptake methotrexate is converted intracellularly into polyglutamate derivatives which prolong its biochemical activity through sustained enzyme inhibition Additionally methotrexate promotes extracellular adenosine release at inflammatory sites mediating immunological effects In cellular assays for DHFR inhibition methotrexate demonstrates potent inhibitory activity with reported IC50 values typically ranging from 5 to 50 nM depending on the cell type and experimental conditions Methotrexate is widely utilized in research on inflammation oncology and rheumatoid arthritis-related mechanisms